Australia's student housing landscape is under intense pressure as recent rental law reforms coincide with declining occupancy rates in purpose-built student accommodation (PBSA) and escalating affordability challenges for university students. Purpose-built student accommodation refers to dedicated residential buildings designed specifically for students, offering amenities like study spaces, gyms, and communal areas near campuses. With over 1.5 million higher education students nationwide but only around 170,000 PBSA beds—representing just 6% penetration compared to 54% in the UK—the market is structurally undersupplied. Yet, operators face financial strain from state-level changes limiting rental flexibility, while students grapple with rents consuming up to 33% of their income.

The confluence of these factors has led major providers like Scape and Iglu to report margin squeezes, with some properties experiencing softening demand as students opt for cheaper share houses or commute from home. Universities, often partnering with private providers or managing their own residences, are caught in the middle, balancing the need to attract international enrolments—worth billions to the economy—with housing obligations.

State Rental Reforms Reshaping the Landscape 🏠

Australia's rental market reforms, aimed at bolstering tenant protections, have inadvertently complicated student housing dynamics. In Victoria, 2024 changes banned rent bidding, limited increases to once annually, and prohibited no-fault evictions, extending to many PBSA tenancies. New South Wales followed with similar measures under its 2024 reforms, capping increases at inflation plus 5% and mandating minimum standards. Queensland's 2024 updates introduced bond caps and dispute resolution enhancements, while South Australia and Tasmania enacted comparable protections.

• Victoria: Rent reforms exempt some PBSA but apply to fixed-term student leases, reducing turnover flexibility between semesters.
• NSW: No-grounds evictions banned for student agreements over 6 months, hitting providers' ability to refresh occupancy.
• Queensland: Enhanced tenancy databases make it harder for providers to screen short-term renters.

These step-by-step processes—application, approval, lease signing, and compliance—now burden operators with longer voids and legal risks, exacerbating cash flow issues in a high-interest environment.

PBSA providers argue for exemptions, noting student leases are inherently short-term (12-52 weeks) and high-turnover, unlike standard residential tenancies. Without adjustments, new builds stall, with the pipeline at 6,900 beds under construction but completions lagging demand.

Declining Occupancy Pressures on PBSA Operators

Despite overall national rental vacancy rates at a tight 1.1% in early 2026, PBSA occupancy—typically 95-97%—shows signs of softening in key markets. Sydney studios average 96% but with pockets of 10% voids due to delayed bookings; Melbourne reports similar trends amid affordability squeezes. Providers cite reform-induced caution, with students holding off amid economic uncertainty.

Data highlights resilience but vulnerability: pipeline deliveries peak in 2026 (5,800 beds), yet high construction costs (up 20%) and financing hurdles limit supply. Operators like UniLodge report 5-10% occupancy drops in non-premium assets as students seek sub-$400/week options.

Affordability Crisis: Students Squeezed Out

University students face rents averaging $450-600/week for PBSA, equating to 30-40% of stipends or part-time earnings. Domestic students increasingly commute (35% live at home vs 33% in 2015), while internationals—hit by AUD weakness but rising living costs—delay or choose share houses at $200-300/person. Brisbane providers note 20% applications drop YOY.

Cultural context: Regional unis like Charles Sturt see local recruitment rise, easing housing needs but straining urban providers near Group of Eight institutions.

University Providers Feel the Pinch: Case Studies

The University of Sydney partners with PBSA but reports 15% unfilled university-managed beds due to pricing. University of Melbourne's reforms push for more on-campus builds, with $200M invested. In Queensland, UQ and QUT face Brisbane shortages, prompting calls for tenancy exemptions. Scape, with 10,500 beds nationally, hits capacity but warns of reform risks.

Stakeholder Perspectives and Economic Implications

Universities Australia urges PBSA incentives; Property Council highlights intl students as 6% renters, PBSA absorbing pressure. Providers seek reform carve-outs; students demand caps. Economy-wide, $48B intl ed export relies on housing stability.

Potential Solutions and Policy Recommendations

• National PBSA planning class for fast-track approvals.
• Student lease exemptions from no-fault bans.
• Uni-PBSA partnerships for affordable tiers.
• Guaranteed occupancy schemes.

Cushman & Wakefield advocates priority zones near unis.

Future Outlook: Balancing Demand and Regulation

With 28,000 beds pipelined to 2028, demand from 550k+ intl students persists. Reforms may slow investment, but targeted changes could unlock supply, stabilizing the market by 2028.

Photo by Eriksson Luo on Unsplash