European university leaders are actively engaging with the European Union's burgeoning competitiveness agenda, viewing it as a vital opportunity to bolster research, innovation, and higher education across the continent. This strategic push, catalyzed by influential reports and policy shifts, positions universities at the forefront of Europe's drive for economic resilience and global standing. However, leaders are issuing clear cautions against the potential instrumentalisation of higher education institutions, emphasizing the need to preserve academic autonomy and mission-driven pursuits.
Understanding the EU Competitiveness Agenda
The EU Competitiveness Agenda emerged prominently following the publication of Mario Draghi's seminal report, The Future of European Competitiveness, in September 2024. This comprehensive analysis highlighted Europe's lagging innovation performance compared to global rivals like the United States and China, advocating for annual investments of €750-800 billion in research and innovation (R&I) to reignite sustainable growth. Draghi underscored universities' pivotal role in closing the innovation gap, from fundamental research to knowledge transfer and talent development.
Building on this, the European Commission integrated competitiveness into its core economic strategy, launching initiatives like the Competitiveness Compass in 2025 and proposing the European Competitiveness Fund (ECF) for streamlined, strategic funding under the next Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (FP10). These efforts address polycrises—geopolitical tensions, climate change, demographic declines, and technological disruptions—aiming for a unified market, defence autonomy, and green-digital transitions.
EUA Report: A Pragmatic Embrace by University Leaders
The European University Association (EUA), representing over 800 institutions, captured this sentiment in its October 2025 report Universities and Competitiveness, based on insights from 45 leaders across 21 countries. Surveyed universities largely share the EU's vision for a strong, independent Europe, pragmatically aligning their missions with competitiveness goals while identifying opportunities in emerging areas like defence-related R&D.
The report employs futures thinking, outlining three 2035 scenarios: 'Europe’s Resurrection' (unified EU with massive investments), 'Tech Oligarchy under US Hegemony' (decline and dependency), and 'Fragmented Society' (localism amid weak governance). These provoke universities to strategize resilience, interdisciplinarity, and value preservation.
Opportunities in Research, Innovation, and Higher Education
University leaders highlight synergies across the 'knowledge triangle'—research, innovation, and education. For instance, enhanced funding for Horizon Europe successors could accelerate breakthroughs in AI, quantum computing, and clean energy, where Europe trails. Universities like those in the ECIU alliance advocate deeper industry collaborations and European Universities Alliances to foster cross-border talent mobility and joint degrees.
In higher education, the agenda supports skills unions and lifelong learning to combat labour shortages from ageing populations. Leaders see potential in dual-use research (civilian-military applications), reconnecting academia with defence sectors long shunned post-Cold War, provided basic research remains protected.
Warnings Against Instrumentalisation
Despite enthusiasm, a recurring caution is 'instrumentalisation'—reducing universities to economic engines at the expense of their societal roles. As former University of Warsaw rector Marcin Pałys stated at a March 5, 2026, European Parliament event, 'Competitiveness itself does not make Europe attractive... It is Europe’s society and its values.' Risks include top-down funding priorities sidelining curiosity-driven science, humanities, and social innovation.
The EUA op-ed in R&D Magazine echoes this, with leaders embracing the agenda but urging safeguards for autonomy, academic freedom, and inclusivity. Student representatives like Lana Par from the European Students’ Union warn that affordability cuts could erode resilience.
Read the full EUA op-ed.Daily Challenges Facing European Universities
Critics at the Parliament event labelled the agenda 'disconnected from daily challenges,' including research capacity shortages, regulatory burdens, and legal complexities. For example, one in five Ukrainian higher education institutions was damaged in the ongoing conflict, exemplifying geopolitical impacts.
Funding gaps persist; despite Draghi's calls, EU R&I budgets face scrutiny amid fiscal constraints. Universities report overburdened staff, slow academia-industry interfaces, and overlooked social missions amid technical focuses.
Strategic Positioning and Framework Conditions
To thrive, universities advocate for:
- Autonomy: Organizational, financial, staffing, and academic freedoms to pursue missions holistically.
- Sustainable Funding: Blended public-private models without strings attached to short-term priorities.
- Interdisciplinarity: Breaking silos for twin transitions (green-digital).
- Openness: International talent attraction despite migration tensions.
The EUA stresses building internal trust and communicating externally to shape policies. European alliances exemplify this, pooling resources for competitiveness without losing identity.
Case Studies: Universities in Action
Institutions are adapting proactively. Technical universities, via CESAER, drive R&I impact in semiconductors and biotech, aligning with ECF goals. The University of Lisbon and others in LERU push for FP10's bottom-up elements to nurture breakthroughs.
In defence, select alliances explore dual-use tech, balancing ethics with strategic needs. Scandinavian examples, like voluntary local initiatives amid fragmentation signals, show societal engagement.
Funding Prospects and Policy Horizons
2026 marks a pivotal year, with Competitiveness Council discussions on single market reports and ECF designs. Research sectors call for clear ECF-Horizon Europe links to avoid diverting from excellent science. The Commission eyes 'fast-track' access for strategic projects, but auditors urge rethinking for flexibility.
Photo by Bozhin Karaivanov on Unsplash
Future Outlook: Resilient Universities for a Competitive Europe
Leaders envision universities as transformation anchors, navigating VUCA (volatile, uncertain, complex, ambiguous) worlds through resilience and values. By embracing opportunities while safeguarding missions, they can propel Europe towards sustainable prosperity. Actionable steps include policy dialogue, alliance strengthening, and mission reaffirmation—ensuring higher education remains a beacon of open, innovative society.
For those in European higher education, this agenda signals both imperatives and openings. Engaging now positions institutions to shape FP10, attract talents, and drive real-world impact.