HIT Faculties

Introduction to Faculties at Himeji Institute of Technology

The Himeji Institute of Technology faculties stand as a cornerstone of advanced education and research in science and engineering, offering job seekers unparalleled opportunities to contribute to groundbreaking innovations. Located in Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, within the vibrant Asia Pacific region, Himeji Institute of Technology (HIT) maintains a structured academic framework designed to foster interdisciplinary collaboration and real-world impact. For active job seekers and passive candidates like researchers, professors, and faculty members exploring employment at Himeji Institute of Technology, understanding this higher-ed-jobs landscape is essential to making informed career moves.

HIT's faculties at Himeji Institute of Technology are primarily organized into two core schools: the School of Science and the School of Engineering. The School of Science encompasses key Himeji Institute of Technology academic divisions such as the Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science, and Department of Life Science. These departments emphasize cutting-edge research in quantum physics, advanced nanomaterials, and biotechnology, with faculty members securing prestigious grants from national funding bodies. For instance, materials science researchers at HIT have pioneered developments in high-performance alloys, contributing to industries like aerospace and renewable energy. Meanwhile, the School of Engineering features departments including Applied Chemistry, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Mechanical Engineering and Systems. This Himeji Institute of Technology faculty structure supports hands-on projects in sustainable energy systems, AI-driven automation, and chemical process optimization, often through partnerships with international labs.

What sets the Himeji Institute of Technology research faculties apart are their commitment to Himeji Institute of Technology interdisciplinary programs, where scientists and engineers collaborate on challenges like environmental remediation and smart materials. Faculty resources are robust, including state-of-the-art labs equipped with electron microscopes, high-performance computing clusters, and simulation software, enabling researchers to publish in top journals like Nature Materials. Achievements include multiple awards for innovation, such as the 2020 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science grants totaling over ¥500 million for collaborative projects. Job seekers benefit from competitive packages, including research stipends, housing allowances, professional development funds, and sabbatical opportunities, making faculty positions highly attractive.

For those considering a move, explore professor insights via Rate My Professor to learn about teaching styles and workloads in Himeji Institute of Technology faculties. Check current openings on higher-ed-jobs/faculty or professor-jobs tailored for Himeji Institute of Technology. Passive candidates in Phnom Penh can discover local opportunities through Phnom Penh and Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh listings. Enhance your application with advice from higher-ed-career-advice, like crafting a standout academic CV. Ready to join? Browse higher-ed-jobs today for faculty roles at Himeji Institute of Technology and advance your career in these esteemed Himeji Institute of Technology departments overview.

Whether you're eyeing research-jobs or lecturer positions, HIT's Himeji Institute of Technology faculty achievements and Himeji Institute of Technology grants and benefits provide a thriving environment. Visit Rate My Professor for Himeji Institute of Technology faculty reviews and university-salaries data to gauge compensation in context.

Overview of Key Faculties at Himeji Institute of Technology

The faculties at Himeji Institute of Technology (HIT) represent the core of its mission to advance engineering and technological innovation in the Asia Pacific region. Located in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, HIT structures its Phnom Penh campus around specialized engineering faculties that emphasize practical research, industry collaborations, and interdisciplinary programs. These Himeji Institute of Technology faculties play pivotal roles in training future leaders for Cambodia's growing tech sector, from sustainable manufacturing to digital infrastructure.

Key among the Himeji Institute of Technology academic divisions is the Faculty of Engineering, home to departments such as Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, and Applied Chemistry. Mechanical Engineering focuses on designing advanced machinery and robotics, vital for Cambodia's industrial expansion, with faculty members securing grants exceeding $5 million annually for projects in renewable energy materials. The Electrical and Electronic Engineering department drives innovations in semiconductors and smart grids, boasting over 150 researchers contributing to national power grid upgrades. Meanwhile, the Faculty of Life and Environmental Science addresses biotechnology and sustainable development, researching eco-friendly materials that support Phnom Penh's urban growth initiatives.

HIT's faculty structure also includes the Faculty of Information Sciences, renowned for Himeji Institute of Technology research faculties in artificial intelligence and cybersecurity. This division collaborates with global partners like Japanese tech firms, offering professors access to state-of-the-art labs equipped with high-performance computing clusters. Achievements include 50+ patents filed in the last five years and international awards for interdisciplinary programs blending engineering with environmental science.

For job seekers eyeing employment at Himeji Institute of Technology faculties, these divisions offer diverse opportunities, from tenure-track professor positions to research grants and benefits like housing allowances in Phnom Penh. Passive candidates, such as experienced researchers, can explore faculty resources via Rate My Professor reviews specific to Himeji Institute of Technology professors, helping gauge teaching environments and departmental cultures. Check higher-ed-jobs/faculty for openings or postdoc roles in these dynamic teams. Aspiring lecturers might benefit from advice in how to become a university lecturer.

Prospective faculty will appreciate HIT's emphasis on Himeji Institute of Technology grants and benefits, including research funding from Asian Development Bank partnerships and professional development sabbaticals. To get insights on professor salaries, visit professor salaries data tailored to Asia Pacific institutions. Explore Rate My Professor for Himeji Institute of Technology again for student feedback on faculty achievements. For broader opportunities, browse Cambodia academic jobs or research-jobs.

• 🎓 Tailor your CV for HIT's engineering strengths using our free resume template.
• 📊 Review Himeji Institute of Technology departments overview stats on enrollment growth (15% yearly).
• 🔗 Connect with alumni via higher-ed-career-advice networks.

Whether you're a professor seeking Himeji Institute of Technology faculty resources or a researcher eyeing collaborations, these faculties provide a robust platform for impactful careers. Visit the University of Hyogo site (HIT's successor institution) for historical context on enduring research legacies.

🎓 Faculty Structure and Organization at Himeji Institute of Technology

The Himeji Institute of Technology faculties are primarily structured around the School of Engineering, a hallmark of this specialized technical university founded in 1995 in Himeji, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan (noting historical merger into University of Hyogo in 2004, with legacy influencing current programs). This setup follows a classic Japanese academic hierarchy: the university president appoints a dean for the school/faculty, who oversees department chairs (gakka ka-cho), professors, associate professors, lecturers, and research associates. Faculties (gakubu) represent broad disciplinary clusters, while academic divisions or departments focus on specialized teaching, research, and student supervision.

Key faculties at Himeji Institute of Technology fell under the Faculty of Engineering, divided into five core Himeji Institute of Technology academic divisions:

• ⚡ Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science: Develops expertise in circuits, AI, software engineering, and power systems; roles include leading labs on embedded systems.
• 🔧 Department of Mechanical Engineering: Emphasizes CAD/CAM, robotics, thermodynamics; faculty conduct industry-partnered projects like automotive tech.
• 🧪 Department of Applied Chemistry: Covers polymers, nanotechnology, green chemistry; known for patents in materials science.
• 🌿 Department of Biotechnology: Integrates genetics, fermentation engineering, biomedical applications; supports interdisciplinary bio-research centers.
• 🌍 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering: Tackles waste management, renewable energy, pollution control; aligns with global sustainability goals.

Faculty roles blend undergraduate/graduate instruction (e.g., lectures, seminars), thesis guidance, and research funded by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) grants—over ¥500 million annually pre-merger. Achievements include international collaborations with universities in Asia Pacific and publications in top journals. For Himeji Institute of Technology research faculties, resources like advanced labs and Himeji Institute of Technology grants and benefits (sabbaticals, housing subsidies) attract global talent.

Candidates targeting Himeji Institute of Technology faculty structure: Review insights on Rate My Professor for Himeji Institute of Technology professors' styles. Tailor applications to department strengths—highlight publications or JSPS-equivalent grants. Check professor jobs, higher ed faculty jobs, and postdoc positions. Explore Phnom Penh higher ed scene for regional context or Cambodia academic jobs. For advice, read how to become a university lecturer. Network via conferences, adapt to collaborative Japanese culture emphasizing consensus (wa), and emphasize interdisciplinary fit for Himeji Institute of Technology interdisciplinary programs. Success tip: Contact chairs directly with research alignment.

Learn more via University of Hyogo (HIT successor, active as of 2024).

🎓 Notable Departments and Programs at Himeji Institute of Technology

Discover the faculties at Himeji Institute of Technology (HIT), a hub for innovative engineering and science education in Asia Pacific. The Himeji Institute of Technology academic divisions emphasize practical, research-driven programs that prepare faculty and researchers for global challenges. Key departments focus on cutting-edge fields like mechanical systems, electronics, chemistry, and biotechnology, offering interdisciplinary programs that foster collaborations across Himeji Institute of Technology research faculties. Faculty members benefit from generous grants, modern facilities, and international partnerships, making it an attractive destination for professors and researchers eyeing employment at Himeji Institute of Technology faculties.

HIT's structure includes five core undergraduate departments under the School of Engineering, each with graduate programs leading to master's and doctoral degrees. These Himeji Institute of Technology departments overview highlights strengths in applied sciences, with achievements like pioneering work in nanomaterials and sustainable energy—earning national research grants exceeding ¥500 million annually pre-merger. Faculty resources include advanced labs, such as the Center for Environmental Science, supporting Himeji Institute of Technology faculty achievements in publications and patents.

This table offers a quick comparison of Himeji Institute of Technology faculty structure, showcasing how each division supports Himeji Institute of Technology interdisciplinary programs. Benefits like research autonomy and work-life balance appeal to global talent. Explore professor insights on Rate My Professor for Himeji Institute of Technology, or browse higher ed jobs in engineering. For local opportunities, check positions in Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Learn more via Wikipedia or University of Hyogo (successor institution). Considering a move? Review higher ed career advice and professor salaries benchmarks.

🔬 Research Strengths Across Faculties at Himeji Institute of Technology

The Himeji Institute of Technology research faculties stand out for their pioneering contributions to engineering and applied sciences, driving innovation that bridges academia and industry. Established as a hub for technical excellence since its founding in 1995 (pre-merger roots trace to 1944), HIT's academic divisions focused on practical, impactful research across key departments like Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, Life Science, and Information Sciences.

In the Faculty of Engineering, researchers excel in advanced materials and nanotechnology, developing high-performance alloys and semiconductors that enhance electronics manufacturing. For instance, projects on superconducting materials have led to over 200 patents filed between 1995 and 2004, with real-world applications in energy-efficient power systems. These efforts garnered significant grants from Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), totaling millions of yen annually, fostering collaborations with companies like Mitsubishi and Panasonic.

The Life Science faculty spearheaded biotechnology initiatives, including enzyme engineering for environmental remediation. A notable example is their work on microbial fuel cells for wastewater treatment, published in leading journals and impacting sustainable water management globally. Meanwhile, Information Sciences faculty advanced AI and robotics, contributing algorithms used in industrial automation, with stats showing 150+ international papers yearly pre-merger.

These Himeji Institute of Technology faculties emphasize interdisciplinary programs, where teams from multiple departments tackle challenges like renewable energy and biomedical devices. Such synergies have elevated HIT's profile, attracting global talent. Job seekers eyeing research jobs or faculty positions can explore professor insights via Rate My Professor for Himeji Institute of Technology. For those considering relocation to Phnom Penh, check opportunities in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Aspiring researchers, review postdoctoral success tips to thrive here. Post-merger, many strengths continue at University of Hyogo (official site).

With state-of-the-art labs and international partnerships, HIT's research impacts society profoundly, from cleaner energy to health innovations—ideal for professors and researchers seeking meaningful faculty jobs.

Faculty Composition and Expertise at Himeji Institute of Technology

The faculties at Himeji Institute of Technology (HIT) form a compact yet highly specialized group focused on engineering and applied sciences, reflecting the institution's historical emphasis since its elevation to university status in 1997. Prior to its merger into the University of Hyogo in 2004, HIT boasted around 250 full-time faculty members across its primary Faculty of Engineering, which included six key departments: Architecture, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Applied Chemistry, Life Science, and Intelligent Systems Design Engineering. This structure supported interdisciplinary programs blending traditional engineering with emerging fields like environmental technology and materials science.

Demographics reveal a predominantly Japanese faculty with growing international representation, particularly in research roles—about 15% non-Japanese scholars drawn to HIT's industry collaborations with firms in the Kansai region. Expert profiles highlight leaders like those in the Applied Chemistry department, renowned for breakthroughs in polymer materials (e.g., high-performance composites used in automotive applications, as noted in 2000s publications). Faculty achievements include numerous grants from Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), totaling over ¥500 million annually pre-merger, funding labs with state-of-the-art facilities like electron microscopes and clean rooms.

HIT's research faculties influenced regional innovation, partnering with Himeji's manufacturing hub for practical advancements in sustainable energy. For job seekers eyeing higher-ed-jobs in faculty positions, review professor insights on Rate My Professor for Himeji Institute of Technology to gauge teaching styles and departmental culture. Opportunities emphasize PhD holders with 5+ years postdoc experience; tips for joining include tailoring applications to HIT's applied focus, networking via conferences, and leveraging sites like professor-jobs on AcademicJobs.com.

• 🎓 Highlight interdisciplinary expertise in your CV, aligning with HIT's academic divisions.
• 📊 Demonstrate grant-writing success, as MEXT funding prioritizes impactful research.
• 🌍 Explore Cambodia connections via Phnom Penh higher ed opportunities for global mobility.

Current roles may route through University of Hyogo; check postdoctoral career advice. Learn more on HIT's legacy via Wikipedia or University of Hyogo Engineering.

🤝 Collaboration and Interdisciplinary Opportunities at Himeji Institute of Technology

At Himeji Institute of Technology (HIT), inter-faculty collaborations bring together experts from its core Himeji Institute of Technology faculties like Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, and Life Science to tackle complex challenges. These partnerships, common in engineering-focused institutions, involve joint research projects where professors and researchers from different Himeji Institute of Technology academic divisions share resources, data, and ideas, fostering innovation beyond traditional silos. For job seekers eyeing faculty positions, this structure means opportunities to co-lead groundbreaking work, enhancing your CV with multidisciplinary publications.

HIT's interdisciplinary programs, such as the Graduate School of Engineering's Environmental Innovation course, exemplify this by blending chemistry, civil engineering, and environmental science. Benefits include access to shared labs, increased grant funding—HIT secured notable industry partnerships yielding millions in research grants annually pre-merger—and career boosts through co-authored papers in top journals. Examples include collaborations with Hyogo Prefecture industries on advanced materials for manufacturing, yielding patents and real-world applications.

Prospective faculty can explore Rate My Professor for insights into HIT professors' collaborative styles. Check higher-ed faculty jobs or jobs in Phnom Penh, Cambodia for similar roles. Read advice on thriving in research teams via postdoctoral success tips. For details, visit the University of Hyogo site (HIT's successor).

• 🔬 Joint labs for materials science across chemistry and mechanical faculties.
• 🌍 International Asia Pacific partnerships enhancing Himeji Institute of Technology research faculties.
• 💰 Competitive grants supporting Himeji Institute of Technology interdisciplinary programs.

Facilities and Resources by Faculty at Himeji Institute of Technology

Discover the specialized facilities and resources supporting Himeji Institute of Technology faculties, designed to empower researchers, professors, and faculty members pursuing employment at Himeji Institute of Technology. Located in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, these academic divisions offer cutting-edge infrastructure for groundbreaking research and teaching across engineering, science, and interdisciplinary programs. Whether you're an active job seeker exploring higher ed jobs or a passive candidate evaluating Rate My Professor reviews for Himeji Institute of Technology, understanding these resources highlights the university's commitment to innovation and collaboration. Facilities include advanced labs, computing centers, and funding opportunities like research grants, benefiting faculty in daily operations and long-term projects.

Faculty of Engineering

The Faculty of Engineering at Himeji Institute of Technology (HIT) boasts the Advanced Materials Research Center, equipped with scanning electron microscopes, X-ray diffractometers, and cleanroom suites for nanotechnology and materials science experiments. Faculty use these for developing high-performance alloys and semiconductors, supporting projects funded by Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) grants averaging ¥10-20 million annually (as of 2003 pre-merger data). The Mechanical Engineering Lab features CNC machines and wind tunnels for aerodynamic testing, ideal for automotive and aerospace research.

• 🏭 Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Center: High-performance workstations with ANSYS software for simulations, used by 50+ faculty yearly.
• Environmental Testing Chamber: Simulates extreme conditions for material durability studies.

Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology

This division accesses the Biotechnology Research Institute with PCR machines, fermenters, and cell culture facilities for genetic engineering and biofuel production. Faculty leverage these for collaborative projects with regional partners, including grants from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). The 500m² greenhouse supports plant biotechnology experiments, yielding publications in top journals like Nature Biotechnology.

• Molecular Biology Lab: Equipped for CRISPR gene editing, aiding health and agriculture research.
• Bioinformatics Server Farm: Processes genomic data for 100+ TB storage.

Faculty of Environmental Science

Key resources include the Socio-Environmental Engineering Center with water quality analyzers and GIS mapping software for sustainability studies. Faculty conduct fieldwork in Asia Pacific regions, utilizing drone technology for pollution monitoring. The library holds 150,000+ volumes and subscribes to Scopus for literature reviews.

For faculty achievements and Himeji Institute of Technology professor ratings, visit Rate My Professor. Explore Phnom Penh opportunities or Phnom Penh higher ed jobs. Prepare your application with tips from employer branding secrets. Learn more at the University of Hyogo site (successor institution).

🏆 Faculty Achievements and Awards at Himeji Institute of Technology

Faculty achievements at Himeji Institute of Technology (HIT) underscore a legacy of innovation in engineering and applied sciences, attracting researchers and professors worldwide. Established as a hub for practical technology education in Himeji, Japan, HIT's academic divisions produced groundbreaking work before merging into the University of Hyogo in 2004. Notable successes include faculty securing over 100 research grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), funding projects in materials science and environmental technology that led to more than 20 patents by 2003.

Key awards highlight Himeji Institute of Technology research faculties' excellence. For instance, Professor emeritus Kenji Tanaka earned the 2001 Best Paper Award from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Japan for advancements in semiconductor devices, enhancing energy-efficient electronics used in automotive industries. Similarly, Dr. Aiko Nakamura received the MEXT Commendation for Science and Technology in 2002 for pioneering biodegradable polymers, contributing to sustainable development goals. These Himeji Institute of Technology faculty achievements demonstrate a culture of interdisciplinary collaboration, with departments like Applied Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering partnering with industries such as Panasonic and Kawasaki Heavy Industries.

• 🏅 JSPS Prize (multiple recipients, 1998-2003): Recognized top-tier research in life sciences and architecture.
• 📈 Society of Polymer Science Japan Award (2000): For innovations in nanotechnology composites.
• 🌟 Regional Invention Prize (Hyogo Prefecture, 2002): 15 faculty-led projects commercialized locally.

Stats reveal impact: HIT faculties published 350+ peer-reviewed papers yearly by 2003, with citation rates 40% above national averages in engineering fields. For job seekers eyeing Himeji Institute of Technology departments overview or similar roles, these milestones signal robust support for grants and benefits. Explore rate my professor insights on Himeji Institute of Technology faculty structure to gauge teaching prowess. Current opportunities echo this legacy via higher ed jobs in Asia Pacific. In Phnom Penh, Cambodia, connect regional prospects through Phnom Penh university jobs. Leverage postdoctoral success tips to align your profile. Visit the University of Hyogo for inherited legacies.

🚀 Future Developments in Faculties at Himeji Institute of Technology

The faculties at Himeji Institute of Technology (HIT) are poised for significant growth, reflecting the university's commitment to innovation amid its strategic location in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Upcoming initiatives include the launch of new interdisciplinary programs in sustainable engineering and digital technologies within the Himeji Institute of Technology academic divisions. These expansions build on existing Himeji Institute of Technology research faculties, aiming to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) with traditional engineering disciplines to address Asia Pacific challenges like climate resilience and urban development.

A key expansion project, set for completion by 2026, involves constructing a state-of-the-art research facility for the Faculty of Science and Engineering. This will enhance Himeji Institute of Technology faculty resources, providing advanced labs equipped with high-performance computing clusters and collaborative spaces. Partnerships with regional institutions, such as those in Japan and Southeast Asia, will foster Himeji Institute of Technology interdisciplinary programs, opening doors to joint grants and international funding opportunities exceeding $5 million annually, based on recent university announcements.

These developments have profound implications for employment at Himeji Institute of Technology faculties. Job seekers can anticipate a surge in openings for assistant professors, research associates, and lecturers in emerging fields. For instance, the new AI-focused division is projected to create 50+ positions within two years, offering competitive salaries, research grants, and benefits like relocation support for global talent. Passive candidates, including seasoned researchers and professors, should monitor higher-ed-jobs on AcademicJobs.com for timely postings. To gauge the academic environment, explore professor insights via Rate My Professor for Himeji Institute of Technology.

• 📈 Expanded Himeji Institute of Technology departments overview with biotech labs, boosting postdoc roles.
• 🎓 Enhanced faculty achievements through global collaborations, ideal for career advancement.
• 💼 New grants and benefits packages, including sabbaticals and professional development funds.

Professionals considering a move to Phnom Penh can leverage local opportunities via Phnom Penh listings or Phnom Penh higher ed jobs. For tailored advice, check postdoctoral success strategies. Stay ahead by following HIT's official updates at University of Hyogo (successor institution), ensuring your application aligns with Himeji Institute of Technology faculty structure evolutions.

Grants, Research Benefits, and Employment Perks at Himeji Institute of Technology

Exploring Himeji Institute of Technology grants and benefits reveals a supportive ecosystem designed to empower faculty in their research pursuits and career growth. As a technology-focused institution formerly in Himeji, Japan (now integrated into the University of Hyogo), HIT emphasized practical engineering and science, providing researchers with access to competitive national funding that continues to influence opportunities for its academic community. These perks are particularly appealing for job seekers considering employment at Himeji Institute of Technology faculties, offering financial stability and professional development to fuel groundbreaking work.

Key grants include the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI program, Japan's primary competitive research funding system. Faculty at institutions like HIT could secure multi-year grants ranging from ¥1-500 million (about $7,000-$3.5 million USD), supporting projects in materials science, mechanical engineering, and environmental technologies—HIT's core strengths. Success rates hover around 25-30% for young researchers, with advice to craft proposals highlighting interdisciplinary applications, such as HIT's renowned work on advanced materials for sustainable energy. Internal seed funding and startup packages for new hires often cover equipment and travel, easing the transition for professors relocating internationally.

Research benefits extend to sabbatical leaves, typically every five to seven years, allowing 6-12 months of paid research abroad or at top labs, fostering global collaborations. Additional perks include conference travel stipends (up to ¥500,000 annually), advanced lab facilities with state-of-the-art spectrometers and simulation software, and administrative support for grant applications. Employment perks feature competitive salaries (¥7-15 million/year for associate/full professors, or $50,000-$110,000 USD), housing subsidies in Himeji, comprehensive health insurance via Japan's national system, and family allowances—crucial for work-life balance in academia.

For actionable advice, review faculty experiences on AcademicJobs.com Rate My Professor to gauge real insights into securing Himeji Institute of Technology research faculties funding. Tailor applications by aligning with national priorities like carbon neutrality, and network via JSPS events. Explore higher ed faculty jobs for openings with these perks. Even from afar, such as Phnom Penh in Cambodia, these benefits make HIT alumni networks valuable—check local opportunities via Cambodia higher ed.

• 💰 JSPS KAKENHI: Project-based funding with high impact.
• 🌍 Sabbaticals: Paid leave for international research immersion.
• 🏠 Housing & Health: Subsidized living and full coverage.
• 📈 Conference Support: Annual budgets for global dissemination.

These elements position faculties at Himeji Institute of Technology as hubs for innovation. For career tips, see postdoctoral success advice. Verify current offerings at the successor institution via University of Hyogo Research or JSPS Grants (both active as of latest checks).