Discovering the New EU Study on Ethical Values in Conservation

A groundbreaking study funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme has shed light on how incorporating ethical values can transform conservation policymaking. Conducted by an international team of researchers from France, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, the research focuses on wild pollinator conservation—a pressing issue across Europe. Led by experts including Zafarani Uwingabire from Institut Agro Dijon in France, A.J. Vanbergen affiliated with Swedish institutions, and T.D. Breeze from the University of Reading in the UK, the study titled 'Worldviews and values of key societal actors influencing decision-making around nature: The case of wild pollinator conservation in Europe' reveals shared motivations among stakeholders that go beyond traditional economic or intrinsic arguments.

This collaborative effort highlights the role of higher education institutions in driving evidence-based policy. Universities like Institut Agro Dijon, a leading French agricultural higher education establishment, and the University of Reading's School of Agriculture, Policy and Development in the UK, provide the academic backbone for such research. Swedish contributions underscore the interdisciplinary approach needed for effective biodiversity strategies.

The study's publication in People and Nature journal in April 2025 marks a timely contribution as Europe intensifies efforts under the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 to halt nature decline.

Why Wild Pollinators Matter: Europe's Biodiversity Crisis

Wild pollinators, including bees, butterflies, hoverflies, and moths, are vital for Europe's ecosystems and agriculture. They support approximately 35% of global crop production by volume, contributing billions to the EU economy annually through pollination services. In Europe, these species face severe declines due to habitat loss, intensive farming, pesticides, climate change, and invasive species. Recent assessments show 15% of European butterflies at extinction risk, with nearly 100 more wild bee species now threatened.

Modelling predicts that a collapse of wild pollinators could slash EU crop yields by 7.8%, disrupting food security and agricultural output. The European Environment Agency emphasizes that reversing this trend requires multi-stakeholder action, aligning perfectly with the new study's focus on values-driven engagement.

Stakeholder Worldviews: Bridging Bio-Eocentric and Anthropocentric Perspectives

The researchers interviewed 27 key actors from businesses, research institutions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and policymaking bodies across Europe. Using semi-structured interviews and quantitative ratings, they mapped worldviews on nine statements about nature and economy.

Striking consensus emerged: 25 out of 27 disagreed that environmental regulations unfairly burden industry, and at least 20 agreed on limits to economic growth, negative human impacts on nature, and species' right to exist. This 'bio-ecocentric' worldview—prioritizing ecological limits and intrinsic nature values—was embraced by 21 respondents.

• Bio-ecocentric: Emphasis on nature's limits, human interference harms, and species rights.
• Anthropocentric (8 respondents): Focus on human needs, nature's resilience, and resource sufficiency.

Even anthropocentric stakeholders viewed conservation as a 'moral responsibility of humanity,' illustrating potential common ground.

Ranking Ethical Values: From Biodiversity Sustainment to Human Benefits

Participants ranked pollinators' values, revealing a blend of 'use' (human benefits like food production), 'non-use' (intrinsic rights, biodiversity sustenance), and relational aspects. Top priority: pollinators' role in sustaining nature and biodiversity. Second: producing human food. Intrinsic right to existence was selected by 10, while cultural values like beauty and recreation ranked lowest.

This hierarchy suggests policies should highlight ecological stewardship alongside economic gains to resonate broadly. For professionals in research jobs at European universities, these insights offer frameworks for interdisciplinary studies on biodiversity valuation.

Harnessing Relational Values for Deeper Engagement

Relational values—grounded in human-nature relationships like moral duties, care, and intergenerational responsibility—emerged as a bridge. Unlike instrumental (use) or intrinsic values, relational ones foster emotional connections, enhancing stakeholder buy-in.

Examples from Europe include Dutch nature reconnection policies emphasizing social bonding and place attachment. The study recommends integrating these in communications to unite diverse groups, from farmers to NGOs.

Recent projects like Horizon Europe's VALOR explore societal dependence on pollinators through values, reinforcing this approach.

Read more on the EU Environment Directorate's coverage.

EU Policy Landscape: Aligning with Biodiversity Goals

The findings align with key EU frameworks: the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 aims to reverse pollinator declines; the Pollinator Initiative and Nature Restoration Regulation's Article 10 mandate action; the Young Citizens Assembly on Pollinators engages youth.

By 2030, targets include 10% increase in urban/rural pollinator populations. Ethical framing can accelerate implementation, especially in Common Agricultural Policy reforms promoting pollinator-friendly farming.

Policymakers can draw lessons for broader conservation, as seen in BESAFE project case studies on arguments for biodiversity protection.

Overcoming Challenges in Multi-Stakeholder Engagement

Despite consensus, divides persist on issues like agricultural chemicals and nature's resilience. Excluding farmers and consumers in the study highlights gaps; future work must include them.

• Challenges: Sectoral silos, anthropocentric resistance, policy complexity.
• Solutions: Value-based dialogues, co-creation workshops.

Higher education plays a pivotal role, training experts via programs like those at European university jobs platforms.

Practical Recommendations for Enhanced Policymaking

The study urges:

• Incorporate relational values in policy narratives.
• Use mixed methods to map stakeholder views.
• Extend to other taxa and regions.

For instance, frame regulations as moral imperatives for future generations to boost compliance. Academic researchers can advance this through research assistant positions in EU-funded consortia.

Explore the full study via People and Nature journal.

Higher Education's Vital Role in Conservation Research

Institutions like France's Institut Agro Dijon, Sweden's agricultural universities, and the UK's University of Reading exemplify how higher education drives policy-relevant science. Breeze's work at Reading quantifies pollination economics, complementing value studies.

Emerging researchers can leverage academic CV tips for Horizon grants. This study positions universities as hubs for ethical policymaking training.

Looking Ahead: Trends and Opportunities in EU Conservation

With projects like Safeguard and RestPoll under Horizon, momentum builds. The EU Pollinators Initiative revision targets monitoring schemes by 2030. Ethical values offer a pathway to resilient policies amid climate pressures.

Stakeholders should monitor updates via EU platforms and engage in citizen science.

Photo by Leonhard Niederwimmer on Unsplash

Embracing Ethical Values for Sustainable Futures

This EU-funded study from France, Sweden, and the UK demonstrates that ethical values, especially relational ones, can unite stakeholders for better conservation policymaking. By fostering moral connections to nature, Europe can safeguard pollinators and biodiversity.

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