From Edinburgh to Johannesburg: The Journey of a Leading AI Mind

Professor Benjamin Rosman's path to becoming a pivotal figure in artificial intelligence began across the ocean in Scotland. Earning his PhD in Informatics from the University of Edinburgh in 2014, Rosman delved into intelligent robotics, laying the groundwork for his lifelong pursuit of smarter autonomous systems. His earlier degrees—a B.Sc. (Honours) in Computer Science and another in Applied Mathematics from the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits)—brought him back to South Africa, where he now holds a professorship in the School of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics.

What sets Rosman apart is his personal connection to intelligence itself. Born with hemiplegia cerebral palsy due to a stroke in utero, he draws inspiration from the human brain's remarkable plasticity—the ability to rewire and adapt. This neuroplasticity mirrors the core of his research: enabling machines to learn efficiently by reusing knowledge across tasks, much like humans do intuitively.

Core Research: Revolutionizing Reinforcement Learning and Robotics

At the heart of Benjamin Rosman's groundbreaking work lies reinforcement learning (RL), a branch of machine learning where agents learn optimal behaviors through trial-and-error interactions with their environment, receiving rewards or penalties. Unlike supervised learning, which relies on labeled data, RL mimics real-world decision-making, making it ideal for robotics and autonomous systems.

Rosman's innovations shine in transfer learning and compositionality. Transfer learning involves applying knowledge from one task to another, accelerating learning in new scenarios. His seminal paper, "Bayesian Policy Reuse" (2016), introduced a probabilistic framework for selecting and adapting past policies, cited over 100 times and foundational for efficient RL in resource-scarce settings like Africa.

Compositionality takes this further, allowing complex behaviors to be built from simpler primitives. In "A Boolean Task Algebra for Reinforcement Learning" (NeurIPS 2020), Rosman proposed algebraic structures to compose value functions—mathematical representations of expected rewards—enabling robots to tackle intricate tasks modularly. Imagine a robot vacuum not just cleaning but adapting to new rooms by recombining navigation, obstacle avoidance, and dirt detection skills seamlessly.

• Key benefits of Rosman's approaches: Reduced training time by up to 50% in simulations, lower data needs crucial for low-resource regions.
• Real-world applications: Autonomous drones for agriculture in rural South Africa, optimizing crop monitoring without constant retraining.
• Challenges addressed: Scalability in high-dimensional spaces, where traditional RL falters.

Through the Robotics, Autonomous Intelligence and Learning (RAIL) Lab at Wits, Rosman tests these ideas on physical robots, bridging theory to practice.

Launching the MIND Institute: Africa's Hub for Intelligence Science

In November 2024, Rosman founded the Machine Intelligence and Neural Discovery (MIND) Institute at Wits, an interdisciplinary powerhouse exploring intelligence across machines, humans, and animals. With 34 fellows from AI, neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, and policy, MIND pursues audacious "moonshot" projects like decoding elephant communication via AI or infusing cultural nuances into human-robot interactions.

MIND's mission emphasizes responsible AI tailored to Africa: addressing data privacy, cybersecurity, and cultural diversity. A standout initiative pilots AI tools for African music creators, supporting genres like Amapiano and Afrobeats, which Western-trained models struggle with. Google.org's US$1 million grant in September 2025, alongside IBM support, underscores its momentum.

The institute builds talent pipelines, from BSc to PhD levels, repatriating African diaspora experts. Collaborations with industry target breakthroughs in drug discovery, material science, and astronomy using large-scale AI models optimized for local compute constraints.Learn more about MIND.

Deep Learning Indaba: Igniting a Continent-Wide AI Revolution

Co-founded by Rosman in 2017, the Deep Learning Indaba has transformed Africa's AI landscape. This annual summer school, now boasting satellite events in 47 countries, drew over 1,300 participants in 2025. It fosters knowledge exchange, mentorship, and startups tackling local issues like climate resilience via AfriClimate AI or natural language processing through Masakhane.

Indaba's impact? A surge in African AI papers at top conferences, from 1% in 2017 to over 5% by 2025. It counters brain drain by empowering local talent, with alumni launching ventures and securing global roles. Rosman notes, "Africa's biodiversity and cultural richness offer unparalleled data for intelligence studies, positioning us for global leadership."

Photo by Jolame Chirwa on Unsplash

Lelapa AI: Homegrown Solutions for African Tongues

As co-founder of Lelapa AI, Rosman champions "AI for Africans, by Africans." Their flagship InkubaLM language model supports underrepresented African languages, enabling chatbots for healthcare queries in Zulu or Swahili, translation for education, and sentiment analysis for social good.

This addresses the "Zeno's Paradox of Low-Resource Languages" (Rosman's 2024 arXiv paper, 41 citations), where scarce data stalls progress. By fine-tuning on African corpora, Lelapa reduces biases in global models, powering apps from farming advice to legal aid in indigenous contexts.Visit Lelapa AI.

Global Recognition: TIME100 AI and Beyond

Rosman's vision earned him a spot in TIME's 100 Most Influential in AI 2025 (Thinkers category), lauded for rejecting the "African angle" trope and building curiosity-driven hubs. Forbes Africa dubbed him the "Tr-AI-lblazer" in February 2026, highlighting his boundless energy and status-quo-breaking ethos.

Awards include CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholar (2022), Google Faculty Awards, and IEEE Senior Member. As National Geographic Explorer (2024), he weaves exploration into AI, from behavioral psychology to policy governance.

Challenges and Solutions in African AI Development

Africa grapples with AI hurdles: under-resourced academia, energy-intensive models amid power shortages, and data sovereignty issues. Rosman advocates decolonizing AI—prioritizing foundational research over imported apps.

• Solutions via MIND: Energy-efficient algorithms inspired by biological intelligence.
• Indaba's role: Grassroots training yielding 100+ startups.
• Policy push: Ethical frameworks for diverse ancestries.

Stakeholders like Wits Vice-Chancellor Zeblon Vilakazi praise Rosman's continental commitment, while peers note his mentorship's life-changing ripple effects.

For aspiring researchers, opportunities abound in South Africa's higher ed sector. Check research jobs or higher ed jobs at AcademicJobs.com to join the wave.

Real-World Impacts: From Labs to Livelihoods

Rosman's work translates to tangible gains. RL-optimized robots aid precision farming, boosting yields in drought-prone areas. Lelapa's models enhance telemedicine, diagnosing via local dialects. MIND's music AI preserves heritage, empowering creators economically.

Statistics: Africa's AI market projected to hit $15 billion by 2030, per recent reports, with South Africa leading via hubs like Wits. Rosman's efforts trained thousands, with Indaba alumni contributing to global NeurIPS papers.

Photo by Jolame Chirwa on Unsplash

Future Outlook: Africa's AI Leadership

Looking ahead, Rosman envisions Africa pioneering efficient, ethical AI. MIND plans diaspora fellowships and pan-African networks. "Breakthroughs can come from anywhere," he asserts, urging investment in local talent.

For students and professionals, this signals booming careers. Explore lecturer jobs, professor jobs, or South Africa university jobs on AcademicJobs.com. Share your thoughts in the comments below.

Rosman's trailblazing cements South Africa as an AI powerhouse, powering a brighter, smarter Africa.