In a significant move to reclaim Japan's position as a global leader in scientific research, the government has unveiled an ambitious Science and Technology Plan aimed at propelling the nation from its current 13th place to the top three worldwide in the production of top 10% most-cited research papers by 2035. This initiative, building on the forthcoming Seventh Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) Basic Plan set to launch in fiscal year 2026, addresses longstanding concerns about stagnating research output and citation impact. With investments exceeding 100 billion yen already allocated through programs like the J-RISE Initiative, the strategy emphasizes attracting international talent, boosting researcher salaries, and fostering high-impact research in priority fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum technology, and sustainable energy.

The plan responds directly to data from the National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP)'s Japanese Science and Technology Indicators 2025 report, which confirms Japan's 13th ranking in adjusted top 10% highly cited papers based on 2021-2023 averages. While Japan maintains a respectable fifth place in total scientific publications with 70,225 fractional count papers, the gap in high-impact outputs—where China leads with 73,315 top 10% papers and the United States follows with 32,781—highlights the urgency for reform.

Understanding Japan's Current Research Landscape

Japan's research ecosystem, anchored by prestigious institutions like the University of Tokyo, Kyoto University, and Tohoku University, has long been a powerhouse in fields like physics, chemistry, and clinical medicine. However, relative decline has been evident. According to NISTEP, Japan's share of top 10% papers has hovered around 3-4% globally, down from higher positions in the early 2000s when it ranked fourth overall in highly cited works.

Factors contributing to this include slower growth in research and development (R&D) spending compared to competitors, aging researcher demographics, and bureaucratic hurdles that divert time from core research. Business enterprises and universities have seen modest increases in researcher numbers, but international collaboration rates, while stable at around 20-30% across fields, lag behind leaders like the United Kingdom. Despite strengths in science-technology linkages—Japan ranks second globally in patent families citing scientific papers—the overall citation impact needs elevation.

The Genesis of the New Science Technology Plan

The blueprint for this transformation draws from multiple strands of policy momentum. The Intellectual Property Strategic Program 2025 sets a parallel goal of advancing Japan from 13th to the top four in the World Intellectual Property Organization's Global Innovation Index by 2035, which factors in scientific publications and citations. Complementing this, the J-RISE (Japan Research & Innovation for Scientific Excellence) Initiative, announced in June 2025, commits 100 billion yen over several years to overhaul researcher compensation and recruitment.

Universities are at the forefront. Tohoku University, for instance, pledged 30 billion yen to recruit 500 researchers, primarily from the U.S., targeting breakthroughs in materials science and disaster resilience. This aligns with the Science Council of Japan's recommendations for the 7th STI Basic Plan, which prioritize resilient societies, advanced AI, and human-centric innovation.

Core Pillars: Funding, Talent, and Infrastructure

Central to the plan is a multi-pronged approach. First, enhanced funding: Beyond J-RISE, the government aims to strategically prioritize budgets for basic research, traditionally underfunded at around 12-15% of total R&D. This includes expanding Moonshot Research and Development Programs, which target moonshot goals like carbon neutrality and super-resilient societies.

Second, talent attraction and retention: Average researcher salaries in Japan trail those in the U.S. and Europe, prompting the 100 billion yen package to subsidize hires at top universities. Visa reforms and spousal work permissions will ease relocation, positioning Japan to capitalize on global shifts, such as potential U.S. funding cuts under new administrations.

• Raise PhD holders per million population to world-leading levels by 2040.
• Reduce administrative burdens, freeing 20-30% more time for research.
• Promote diversity through women in STEM initiatives and international fellowships.

Third, infrastructure upgrades: Investments in open-access publishing, data repositories, and AI-driven analysis tools will enhance visibility and collaboration. Japan's push for all research open access by 2025 further amplifies this.

Priority Fields for High-Impact Publications

To maximize top 10% papers, the plan spotlights domains where Japan excels or can surge. Physics and chemistry, where Japan holds higher-than-average shares, will receive boosted support alongside emerging areas:

• Quantum Technology: Building on Nobel-winning work, aiming for prototypes and international standards.
• AI and Machine Learning: Beyond generative AI, focusing on safe, ethical systems with global harmonization.
• Bioeconomy and Health: Protein prediction tools and personalized medicine, leveraging recent Nobel advances.
• Sustainable Tech: Circular economy and clean energy to meet 60% GHG cuts by 2035.

Case in point: Tohoku University's UREX program recruits global experts for cross-disciplinary projects, already yielding papers in high-citation journals like Nature and Science.

University-Led Initiatives Driving Change

Japan's national universities (kokuritsu daigaku) are pivotal. The Top Global University Project, though concluded, laid groundwork; now, institutions like Osaka University host co-creation caravans for the 7th STI Plan. Kyoto University emphasizes international co-authorship, boosting citation rates through partnerships with MIT and Oxford.

Emerging hubs like the RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project exemplify targeted excellence, producing top 1% papers in neuroscience. For aspiring researchers, opportunities abound—check research jobs or postdoc positions to join this renaissance.

Challenges and Mitigation Strategies

Success is not guaranteed. Demographic pressures—an aging population and shrinking domestic talent pool—necessitate aggressive internationalization. Competition from China and India, with explosive growth in outputs, demands efficiency gains.

The plan counters with step-by-step reforms:

1. Assess current portfolios via NISTEP-like indicators annually.
2. Implement merit-based grants prioritizing impact potential.
3. Foster industry-academia ties for translational research.
4. Monitor progress toward 2035 milestones, adjusting via CSTI oversight.

Stakeholder views vary: Industry leaders applaud talent influx, while academics urge more basic research freedom. Balanced perspectives from MEXT reports emphasize agility.

Global Implications and Collaborations

Japan's ascent will reshape alliances. Enhanced U.S.-Japan pacts in high-energy physics and EU-Japan Horizon collaborations promise co-authored top papers. The plan aligns with UN Sustainable Development Goals, positioning Japan as a bridge in Asia-Pacific innovation.

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Projected Impacts on Higher Education and Careers

By 2035, universities anticipate 20-30% rises in top papers, elevating QS and Times Higher Education rankings. This fuels job growth: more lecturer jobs, professor positions, and research assistant roles.

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Path Forward: Milestones to 2035

Short-term (2026-2028): Implement J-RISE hires, launch 7th STI Plan. Mid-term (2029-2032): Achieve top 8 in top 10% papers. Long-term: Top 3 status, with intangible assets comprising 50% of Nikkei 225 market cap.

Real-world case: Iran's rise past Japan via volume growth underscores strategy over quantity. Japan's focus on quality positions it well.

Photo by Hosam Ghazal on Unsplash

As Japan charts this course, the global academic community watches closely. For researchers eyeing Asia's innovation hub, now's the time. Visit Rate My Professor, higher ed jobs, and career advice to prepare. The future of top-tier research starts here.