Overview of the 2026 Japan National University Entrance Exam Application Ratios
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) announced the final application ratios for the 2026 academic year national and public university entrance exams on February 18, 2026. These ratios reflect the intense competition faced by over 419,000 applicants vying for approximately 97,000 spots across 175 universities and 625 faculties. Overall, the combined application multiplier stands at 4.3 times, a slight dip of 0.1 points from the previous year, signaling a stable yet cautiously competitive landscape shaped by the challenging University Entrance Common Test (大学入学共通テスト, commonly abbreviated as 共通テスト or Common Test) held in January.
This announcement comes at a pivotal moment, just days before the preliminary round secondary exams begin on February 25. For national universities specifically, the preliminary round saw a 2.9 multiplier, while the late round surged to 10.2 times, highlighting stark differences in applicant strategies across schedules. Public universities contributed to the mid-round peak at 12.9 times. These figures underscore persistent trends in Japan's higher education admissions, where declining birthrates meet rigorous selection processes.
Breakdown by Exam Schedule: Preliminary, Mid, and Late Rounds
The entrance process for national universities in Japan typically unfolds in three main schedules following the nationwide Common Test. The preliminary round (前期日程), the most popular, drew 179,603 applicants for 63,115 spots, yielding a 2.8 to 2.9 multiplier—nearly flat year-over-year. This schedule emphasizes the first individual university exam, often prioritizing top choices.
In contrast, the late round (後期日程) recorded a 10.2 multiplier, with national figures at 9.6 times (11,964 capacity vs. high applicant numbers). Mid-round (中期日程) for public universities hit 12.9 times. High late-round competition persists in niche programs, such as at Niimi Public University (39.3x) and Ehime Prefectural Medical Technology University (29.4x).
| Schedule | Multiplier | Key Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Preliminary | 2.9x | Stable applicants, safety-oriented choices |
| Late | 10.2x | High in specialized public unis |
| Mid | 12.9x | Public unis dominant |
Year-Over-Year Changes and Common Test Influence
Compared to 2025, national university overall ratios fell slightly to 3.9x from 4.0x, driven by a 0.1% applicant increase in preliminary but 5% drop in late rounds. The Common Test's difficulty—physics averaged a historic low of 45.55%, information I at 56.59%—prompted 'safety志向' (safety-oriented applications). Students favored stable preliminary slots over risky late ones.
Humanities saw upticks in foreign languages and economics, while medicine applicants dropped 14%, reflecting test impacts and shifting career interests. Engineering rose 5.2%. Long-term, Japan's shrinking 18-year-old population (down ~1% annually) pressures ratios, but 2026 held steady.
For context, the Common Test, replacing the National Center Test since 2021, assesses 6-7 subjects over two days, with scores determining initial eligibility. This year's downtrend amplified conservative strategies.
Understanding Two-Stage Selection in Japanese Admissions
Two-stage selection (二段階選抜) is a pre-secondary exam filter used by many universities. After Common Test applications, universities set minimum score thresholds (often 3-6x capacity based on points out of 1000), disqualifying underperformers before the resource-intensive second exam. In 2026, 35 universities across 55 faculties applied it, cutting 4,135 applicants—a 324 decrease from last year.
This process saves costs and ensures quality, but heightens pressure on Common Test performance. National: 26 unis/44 faculties; Public: 9/11. Thresholds vary: e.g., Tokyo U at 2.5-3x, Hokkaido U medicine 3.5-5x. Critics note it disadvantages borderline students, but data shows it stabilizes secondary exam quality.
List of Universities Implementing Two-Stage Selection
Key implementers include prestigious names like University of Tokyo (835 disqualified), Hitotsubashi University (378), Tokyo Metropolitan University (357), and Osaka University (191). Full list via Kei-Net PDF.
- National: Hokkaido U, Tsukuba U, U Tokyo, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Hitotsubashi U, Kyoto U, Osaka U, Kobe U, Kyushu U, etc. (26 total)
- Public: Asahikawa Medical U, Saitama Prefectural U, Chiba Prefectural Health Sciences U, Kanagawa Prefectural Health Welfare U, etc. (9 total)
Medicine and nursing faculties dominated cuts, e.g., Hamamatsu Medical U (135), Nagasaki U (134).
Highest and Lowest Application Ratios Spotlight
Highest late-round: Niimi Public U (39.3x), Ehime Pref. Medical Tech U (29.4x), Naruto U of Education (27.6x). Preliminary highs: Kushiro Pub U 12.3x, Tokyo U of Arts 6.0x.
Medicine prelim leaders: Fukui U 9.15x (55→503), Ehime U 8.56x, Yamaguchi U 7.96x. Lows often in education or regional engineering, under 2x.
These extremes reveal applicant clustering in urban/medical programs amid rural depopulation.
Discipline-Specific Insights: From Medicine to Engineering
Pharmacy/nursing led at 4.7x overall, medicine/dentistry 4.4x despite applicant drops. Engineering 4.3x (mech/info up), humanities/social 4.5x. Teacher training lowest at 3.5x due to capacity cuts.
- Medicine: High competition persists, but 86% applicant drop in some unis signals saturation or alternatives.
- Engineering: 5.2% rise, boosted by AI/tech demand.
- Arts: Uptick in music/sports amid cultural shifts.
Explore higher ed career advice for post-grad paths in these fields.
Performance at Top National Universities
Elite 'former imperial' unis (Tokyo, Kyoto, etc.): Applicants down 3.3% prelim, ratios ~2.5-3.1x. Nagoya U 2.5x, Kyoto U stable at ~3x. Tokyo U prelim 2.8x post-cuts. These institutions attract ~52k prelim applicants despite declines.
Implications and Strategies for Secondary Exam Takers
With prelim exams starting February 25, mid March 8, late March 12, remaining applicants must excel in subject-specific tests (e.g., math, English, sciences). Two-stage cuts mean Common Test margins were decisive—4135 already out.
Strategies: Review weak subjects per uni (e.g., Tokyo U essays), practice past papers, manage stamina. Safety志向 favors multiple apps, but focus on 2-3 strong fits. For international students, note quotas rising at unis like Tohoku.
Check Rate My Professor for insights into target programs.
Japan's Higher Education Admissions in Broader Context
Amid 1% fewer high school grads yearly, ratios hold via international influx (Japan hit 400k intl students early). Reforms like integrated 5-year programs and GenAI guidelines adapt to demographics/tech. Private unis face deficits (52% red), pushing national appeal.
Cultural emphasis on top nationals (e.g., Tokyo U prestige) drives competition, but career outcomes favor skills over brand—see higher ed jobs.
Future Outlook and Actionable Insights
2027 may see further safety trends if tests toughen. Students: Diversify with comprehensive selection/recommendations. Parents/educators: Emphasize holistic prep. AcademicJobs.com aids transitions—university jobs, career advice, faculty positions, post a job.
Stay informed via MEXT official site.
