The Emergence of the Play Sand Asbestos Crisis in New Zealand

In late 2025, New Zealand and Australia faced a shocking public health alert when laboratory tests revealed traces of asbestos in popular coloured play sand products used by young children in schools, early childhood centres, and homes. Products such as EC Rainbow Sand, Creatistics Coloured Sand, and several Kmart brands including Blue, Green, and Pink Magic Sand were recalled after detecting chrysotile and tremolite-actinolite asbestos. This incident, sparked by a chance discovery in an Australian lab, prompted widespread school closures—over 70 in Australia and several in New Zealand—and heightened parental anxiety nationwide. The sand, marketed for sensory play, art projects, and science experiments, was imported, highlighting vulnerabilities in global supply chains for children's toys.

The crisis underscored the persistent challenge of asbestos contamination in everyday products, even decades after New Zealand's 2002 import ban on raw asbestos. While the immediate risk was deemed low by regulators, the potential for long-term health effects on exposed children drove urgent calls for advanced research.

Auckland University of Technology Takes the Lead

Auckland University of Technology (AUT) emerged as a key player through Associate Professor Dr. Terri-Ann Berry, an internationally recognised asbestos expert and Chair of the Mesothelioma Support and Asbestos Awareness Trust. Affiliated with AUT's School of Future Environments, Dr. Berry founded the Environmental Innovation Centre, which launched what is described as the world's first study specifically testing whether asbestos fibres in contaminated play sand become airborne during typical children's activities. This initiative addresses a critical gap: while static contamination was confirmed, real-world exposure risks during play remained unquantified.

AUT's involvement reflects the university's commitment to applied environmental research, bridging academia and public safety. Dr. Berry's team, including specialist Gregor Steinhorn, has positioned AUT at the forefront of this unfolding issue, providing data-driven insights amid media frenzy and policy debates.

Methodology: Simulating Real-World Play in a Controlled Lab

The AUT-led study employs rigorous, worst-case scenario simulations inside a sealed Class A asbestos containment laboratory—a high-security facility designed for handling hazardous materials. Trained workers, clad in full personal protective equipment (PPE) including suits and respirators, mimic children's play: building sandcastles, pouring, sifting, and compacting with rollers. Air monitoring devices are positioned at child (low) and adult (teacher) breathing heights to capture any respirable fibres released into the airspace.

Over a dozen contaminated sand samples have been tested under identical conditions. Post-simulation, air filters are analysed, and decontamination protocols—including air-locked showers—are strictly followed. This step-by-step approach ensures safety while replicating dynamic play scenarios that static lab tests overlook. "We're doing it really because it would be fabulous to be able to say 'no, the fibres aren't in the airspace'," Dr. Berry explained, emphasising the study's public reassurance potential.

The Science of Asbestos: Fibres, Types, and Inhalation Risks

Asbestos refers to six naturally occurring silicate minerals, including chrysotile (serpentine group, curly fibres) and tremolite-actinolite (amphibole group, straight fibres), prized historically for strength, heat, and acid resistance in over 3,000 products. When disturbed, these microscopic fibres (thinner than human hair) can become airborne respirable dust, lodging in lung linings upon inhalation.

All types are classified as Group 1 carcinogens by the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Key diseases include asbestosis (scarring), lung cancer, and malignant mesothelioma (lining cancer), with latency periods of 15-40 years—meaning childhood exposures could manifest in adulthood. No safe exposure threshold exists; risk scales with dose, duration, and fibre type (amphiboles more potent).

In play sand, fibres likely originate from crushed asbestos-bearing rock during manufacturing, often in regions with lax regulations.

Potential Long-Term Impacts on New Zealand Children

Children face unique vulnerabilities: higher breathing rates, hand-to-mouth behaviours, and developing lungs amplify fibre deposition. While acute illness is impossible, cumulative low-level exposure raises lifetime cancer odds. The Public Health Communication Centre (PHCC) briefing stresses that without airborne measurements, precise risk quantification is elusive, urging annual health monitoring for exposed kids.

New Zealand's asbestos legacy exacerbates concerns. Over 400 annual deaths from historical exposures persist, per Cancer Society data. Professor Ian Shaw from University of Canterbury advised long-term surveillance, noting, "Parents should get their children checked annually." For the PHCC risk assessment briefing, exposure pathways include inhalation during dry play and ingestion.

New Zealand's Historical Context with Asbestos in Schools

New Zealand's asbestos saga dates to the 20th century, when it was ubiquitous in school buildings—roofs, linings, pipes—affecting 80% of pre-2000 structures. Friable asbestos disturbances during renovations have caused closures, like Auckland schools in recent years. While play sand is novel, sandpits have occasionally raised concerns from natural deposits, though unconfirmed.

WorkSafe NZ coordinates responses, contributing to multi-agency efforts. Poor public awareness, as Dr. Berry notes, amplifies panic, but underscores education needs.

Regulatory Responses and Product Recalls

Swift action followed: NZ's Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) recalled six products by November 2025, with more added. Schools disposed sand as hazardous waste, vacuumed areas with HEPA filters, and deep-cleaned. The Ministry of Education advised against beach sand use if manufactured appearance suspected.

Australia's ACCC mirrored this, confirming no airborne fibres in initial tests but erring caution. Globally, Europe investigated similar products. Calls grow for border testing enhancements and supplier audits.

Stakeholder Perspectives: From Parents to Policymakers

Parents report distress, with social media flooded by disposal queries. Early childhood educators pivoted to alternatives like rice or kinetic sand. Dr. Berry advocates calm: "Not every exposure causes cancer," but stresses avoidance. The MSAA Trust offers support, linking to AUT's outreach.

• Health experts: Prioritise monitoring over panic.
• Educators: Seek verified safe alternatives.
• Regulators: Strengthen import standards.

Dr. Terri-Ann Berry: AUT's Asbestos Research Trailblazer

Dr. Berry's expertise stems from years studying asbestos in NZ environments, including beaches. Her centre's play simulation fills a global void—no prior studies mimicked child play. AUT's facilities enable this, fostering interdisciplinary env health research. This positions AUT as NZ leader in occupational/environmental safety.

Broader Implications for Public Health Research

AUT's work could redefine risk models for bound asbestos in consumer goods. Findings may influence WHO guidelines and inform recalls worldwide. For NZ, it highlights higher ed's role in crises, with AUT training future env scientists.

Related AUT beach asbestos research complements this, assessing public sites.AUT east Auckland asbestos research.

Actionable Insights and Prevention Strategies

For parents: Check recalls, dispose safely (double-bag, hazardous waste), monitor respiratory health long-term. Educators: Use natural beach sand (low risk), verify suppliers. Policymakers: Mandate fibre-release testing for imports.

• Enhance Customs screening with portable analysers.
• Fund uni labs for rapid response.
• Public campaigns on asbestos myths.

AUT's study promises clarity, potentially reassuring communities while advancing science.

Future Outlook: Safer Play and Stronger Research

Pending results, expected soon, could confirm low airborne risk, easing fears. Long-term, expect tighter regs, inspired by AUT. NZ unis like AUT drive solutions, from labs to policy. Explore env health careers at AUT via NZ university jobs.

Photo by Sulthan Auliya on Unsplash