🔬 FAPESP and Unicamp Lead Breakthrough in Mapping Brazil's Innovative Export Landscape

The latest edition of Revista Pesquisa FAPESP has spotlighted a groundbreaking study that dissects the DNA of Brazil's small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)—or PMEs in Portuguese—that thrive on the global stage through innovation and exports. Conducted by researchers from the University of Campinas (Unicamp), this research offers a roadmap for what makes these knowledge-driven companies succeed internationally, drawing from vast open data sources to reveal patterns invisible to traditional surveys.

In a country where SMEs form the backbone of the economy—accounting for over 99% of businesses and employing more than 60% of the workforce—only a fraction break into export markets. Yet, as Brazil's exporter count hit a record 29,818 companies in 2025, with PMEs driving much of the growth, understanding these high-performers is crucial for economic diversification beyond commodities.

Background: Brazil's SMEs in a Global Context

Brazil's small and medium enterprises face a paradoxical reality. While the nation boasts a massive domestic market, this very scale often traps PMEs in local competition, limiting their global ambitions. Recent Ministry of Development, Industry, Commerce and Services (MDIC) data shows PMEs contributing increasingly to exports, with 971 new exporters in 2025 alone, 40.4% being micro and small firms. However, innovative PMEs—those leveraging R&D and technology—remain underrepresented internationally compared to peers in Chile or Argentina.

The study, published in the Journal of Knowledge Management, bridges this gap by analyzing 2,367 PMEs funded by public innovation programs like FAPESP's PIPE (Pesquisa Inovativa em Pequenas Empresas), BNDES, and Finep between 1997 and 2020. PIPE alone has backed over 2,000 startups since 1997, fostering tech transfer from universities to businesses.

The Innovative Methodology: Mining Open Data for Insights

Led by Antonio Marcos Marcon during his PhD at Unicamp's Department of Scientific and Technological Policy (DPCT), under advisor Sérgio Queiroz—former FAPESP innovation coordinator—the team pioneered data mining techniques on open sources. No questionnaires or privileged access; instead, they crossed Receita Federal tax data, Central Bank records, MDIC exporter registries, INPI patents, and tech transfer contracts.

Marcon's probabilistic analysis algorithm, patented in 2023, uncovers correlations between firm assets and external ecosystems. This birthed OpenSense, a PIPE-funded platform mapping 17,000+ science-intensive firms across Brazil's 5,570 municipalities, highlighting university-business linkages. Hosted at São José dos Campos Tech Park incubator, it democratizes innovation intelligence.

Key Trait 1: Heavy R&D Investment Fuels Global Reach

Top exporters pour resources into research and development, blending public grants with private funds. The study confirms PIPE-like programs boost competitiveness, with R&D intensity directly correlating to export shares. Firms reinvesting gains in tech scale faster, outpacing domestic-focused peers.

• Public funding sparks initial breakthroughs.
• Private match amplifies scaling.
• Result: Higher value-added products for international markets.

For universities, this underscores tech transfer's role—Unicamp's partnerships exemplify how academic R&D seeds SME success.

Key Trait 2: Intellectual Property as a Global Passport

Patents and tech transfer deals aren't just defensive; they're launchpads. Protected innovations attract foreign investors and ease market entry. The analysis shows IP-active PMEs position better abroad, validating Brazil's nascent patent ecosystem via INPI.

"The effort to protect intellectual property is strategic for international markets and valued by investors," notes the research.

Key Trait 3: Hybrid Teams Blend Expertise and Execution

Surprisingly, pure PhD-heavy firms lag; winners feature 'hybrid' workforces—masters/doctors sparking ideas, mid-level techs scaling them. Knowledge cascades from elite to operational teams, building resilient organizations. Unicamp's DPCT emphasizes training such hybrids via grad programs.

Key Trait 4: Smart Imports Build Export Muscle

"Intelligent imports" of high-tech inputs—like nanomaterials—accelerate product development. These firms integrate into global value chains early, hedging currency risks via high-value exports. Examples abound in biotech and materials.

Spotlight: Success Stories from PIPE Alumni

Brazilian deep tech exemplars validate findings:

• brain4care: Non-invasive intracranial pressure monitor, FDA-cleared, exports to 20+ countries. PIPE-funded from USP origins.
• Symbiomics: Microbiome bioinputs for ag, Series A from Corteva, global sales. FAPESP-backed scaling.
• growPack: Sustainable packaging, international footprint via smart imports and IP.

These unicamp/FAPESP-linked firms captured US$216M in 2024 VC—though trailing LatAm peers—proving the model's viability.

OpenSense: A Tool for University-SME Synergy

Marcon's platform visualizes ecosystems, aiding unis like Unicamp in partnering PMEs. It flags competencies, researchers, and economic ties, empowering targeted tech transfer. FAPESP's PIPE evolution now includes such analytics for broader impact.

Challenges Facing Brazil's Innovative PMEs

Despite promise, hurdles persist: bureaucratic red tape, financing gaps, domestic market lure, and low global ambition. PMEs represent just 1-2% of manufacturing exports historically, versus 30%+ in OECD. Currency volatility hits non-high-value exporters hard.

OECD notes Brazil's SME innovation lags due to fragmented support; solutions include streamlined export finance and uni incubators.

Policy Implications and University Role

The study urges shifting from protectionism to global integration. Unis must amplify PIPE-like bridges, training hybrids and IP savvy. Policymakers: expand data platforms, incentivize smart imports/exports. MDIC's exporter record signals momentum—channel it to innovation.

Future Outlook: Scaling Brazil's Global Tech PMEs

With 17k+ sci-tech firms per OpenSense, potential abounds. Emulating US SBIR (10% global competitors), Brazil could multiply deep tech exports. Unis like Unicamp lead via research-policy fusion. For PMEs: invest R&D, protect IP, build hybrids, import smartly. Brazil's innovation export story is just beginning.

Entrepreneurs eyeing exports? Leverage FAPESP PIPE for uni partnerships—key to global flight.

Photo by Markus Winkler on Unsplash