Key information
- Duration
- Full-time: 36 months
- Part-time: 60 months
- Start dates & application deadlines
- Starting September 2026: Application deadline not specified.
Overview
PI3K-Akt expression in dysplastic oral lesions and implications for recurrence and malignant transformation at University of Dundee
Also determine the efficacy of potential biomarkers such as cell cycle molecules, angiogenic markers and S100 protein expression.
In 2010 the National Screening Committee review (NSC) stated that “good evidence that tobacco in all forms (both smoked and smokeless, including snuff) and betel quid are carcinogenic in the upper aerodigestive tract, which includes the mouth. There is also convincing evidence that alcoholic drinks are carcinogenic and act synergistically with tobacco” (Speight & Warnakulasuriya 2010).
Programme Structure
- The natural history of oral cancer is only partly understood, with reports of “it is clear that oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is preceded by changes in the oral mucosa, but the extent or nature of these changes is uncertain” (Speight & Warnakulasuriya 2010).
- However, it was also noted that “only about 5% of these lesions will progress to malignancy and although some clinical features are associated with higher risk (e.g. non-homogenous, speckled or red lesions) there are still no reliable ways to predict which individuals or lesions will develop OSCC” (Speight & Warnakulasuriya 2010).
- The difficulty in interpreting some of the published work on malignant progression is that many studies do not actually investigate biopsy proven dysplasias but leucoplakias and therefore these may not actually be potentially malignant.
Admission requirements
Academic requirements
Upper Second Class
English requirements
We are not aware of any English requirements for this programme.
Other requirements
- You should have an honours degree at 2.1 or above, and/or a Masters degree in a relevant discipline.
- Non-clinical research: IELTS 6.5
- Clinical research: IELTS 7.0
Fees and funding
Tuition Fees
Tuition fees are shown in AUD and the most likely applicable fee is shown based on your nationality.
- International — International tuition fees apply to students who are not citizens or permanent residents of the study country. In some regions, like the EU/EEA, or under certain agreements, students from partner countries may also pay domestic fees. Non-residents: 50,819 AUD / year (≈ 26,680 GBP / year)
- Domestic — Tuition fee for the domestic students. Citizens or residents: 9,116 AUD / year (≈ 4,786 GBP / year)
Additional Details
Band 2: National: £9,128; International: £36,855
Band 3: National: £13,148; International: £51,050
Living costs
Dundee, United Kingdom: 1,499-2,846 AUD / month
The living costs include the total expenses per month, covering accommodation, public transportation, utilities (electricity, internet), books and groceries.
Funding
Scholarships
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