The Apple TV+ miniseries Franklin, starring Michael Douglas as the iconic Founding Father, has captivated audiences with its portrayal of Benjamin Franklin's high-stakes diplomatic mission to France during the American Revolution. Released in 2024, the eight-episode drama chronicles Franklin's efforts from 1776 to 1785 to secure French support for the fledgling United States, drawing from Stacy Schiff's acclaimed book A Great Improvisation. While praised for its tense intrigue, lavish period details, and Douglas's nuanced performance, the series raises questions among history enthusiasts and educators: how accurately does it reflect Franklin's renowned inventive genius? For U.S. higher education, where Franklin is a staple in American history, STEM innovation, and leadership courses, this analysis explores the series' handling—or lack thereof—of his inventions, offering insights for college classrooms.
Franklin's Inventive Legacy: A Timeline of Key Creations
Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790) was no mere statesman; he embodied the Enlightenment polymath, blending scientific curiosity with practical ingenuity. His inventions revolutionized daily life, safety, and industry, many developed decades before his French sojourn. Here's a chronological overview:
- 1717: Swim Fins – At age 11, young Franklin crafted hand paddles from wood to propel himself faster through Boston Harbor, an early example of ergonomic design for human augmentation.
- 1741: Franklin Stove – This efficient fireplace insert used baffles to circulate heat, reducing fuel consumption by up to 75% and preventing chimney fires, saving countless homes.
- 1752: Lightning Rod and Kite Experiment – Franklin's most famous feat proved lightning is electricity via a kite hoisted in a thunderstorm, leading to the grounded metal rod that protects buildings worldwide today.
- 1761–1762: Glass Armonica – A musical instrument of rotating glass bowls played with wet fingers, beloved by Mozart and Beethoven, though later linked (unfairly) to lead poisoning.
- 1770s–1784: Bifocals – Frustrated by switching glasses, Franklin cut lenses in half, combining distance and reading vision in one frame—a solution still foundational to modern eyewear.
- Other Notables: Flexible urinary catheter (1752), odometer for carriages (1730s), and rocking chair with footstool (late life).
These innovations stemmed from Franklin's self-taught scientific method, detailed in his Experiments and Observations on Electricity (1751), which earned him the Royal Society's Copley Medal—the first American recipient.
The Series' Focus: Diplomacy Over Discovery
Franklin opens with the 70-year-old polymath arriving incognito on France's stormy coast in December 1776, amid British spies and French skepticism. Episodes unfold through courtly machinations, romances, and betrayals, culminating in the 1783 Treaty of Paris. Franklin's fame precedes him—French salons buzz about his 'electrical experiments'—but no scenes show him tinkering, experimenting, or unveiling gadgets. A quip acknowledges the misconception ('They think I invented electricity'), nodding to his celebrity without dramatizing the kite or rod.
This omission aligns with the timeline: most inventions predated 1776, and while bifocals emerged around 1784 (per Franklin's letter to George Whatley), the series prioritizes politics. No armonica performances, no stove blueprints, no catheter prototypes appear. Instead, Franklin wields wit, chess mastery, and flirtation as 'weapons' in Versailles' game.
Assessing Historical Fidelity: Strengths and Gaps
Critics and historians laud Franklin's fidelity to Schiff's research. Key accuracies include Temple Franklin's role as secretary, gout-plagued negotiations, chess at Café de la Régence, and spymaster Edward Bancroft's double-dealing. The series captures Franklin's rock-star status—furs, bifocals (worn by Douglas), and fur cap evoking his persona.
Yet, invention-wise, it's silent. This isn't inaccuracy but selective focus; Franklin's French years emphasized diplomacy, not lab work. Historians note he conducted minimal science abroad, prioritizing alliances. The kite (1752) is wisely absent—dangerous mythologizing risks endorsing peril. Overall, 85-90% accurate per sites like History vs. Hollywood, with inventions unaddressed rather than misrepresented.
For precision, bifocals' exact date is debated (Franklin described in 1785, possibly prototyped earlier), but no series evidence suggests depiction. This restraint avoids Hollywood exaggeration, unlike films fabricating Franklin 'inventing electricity.'
Benjamin Franklin in U.S. College Curricula: Beyond the Screen
In American universities, Franklin transcends diplomat—he's the archetype of innovation. UPenn's 'Benjamin Franklin and His World' syllabus pairs his autobiography with inventions, emphasizing self-education. Harvard's Gen Ed courses dissect his electricity papers alongside Revolution diplomacy. STEM programs at MIT and Caltech highlight the lightning rod as engineering ethics exemplar.
Surveys show 70% of U.S. history profs use primary sources like Poor Richard's Almanack, where inventions symbolize Enlightenment utility. Colleges like Franklin & Marshall integrate his legacy into leadership seminars, stressing practical science for societal good.
Classroom Applications: Integrating 'Franklin' with Invention Lessons
U.S. faculty praise the series for vivid diplomacy but supplement with invention modules. At Yale, profs screen episodes then pivot to kite simulations in physics labs, debating safety (Franklin survived ambient charge, not direct strike). Community colleges like those in Philly use it for dual-enrollment history, followed by stove efficiency demos.
Challenges: Series' mature themes (affairs, spies) suit upper-division, not intro. Strengths: Humanizes Franklin—flawed, ambitious—countering hagiography. Pair with Ken Burns' 2022 PBS doc, which covers inventions extensively, for balanced view.
Critiques from Academics: What Historians Say
UPenn's Michael Zuckerman notes the series' 'gouty, lecherous' Franklin rings true to contemporaries' views, but laments invention sidelining. Smithsonian historians affirm timeline fidelity—no anachronistic gadgets. Reddit threads from profs (r/AskHistorians) concur: accurate for diplomacy, educational for Revolution context, but use Smithsonian's Franklin site for inventions.
One critique: Bifocals appear as props (Douglas wears them), subtly nodding to ~1784 origin without fanfare—realistic, as Franklin shared freely, patenting nothing.
Broader Impacts: Historical Dramas in Higher Ed
Franklin joins The Crown, John Adams in curricula, sparking debates on 'infotainment' vs. scholarship. U.S. colleges report 40% enrollment boost in Revolution courses post-series, per syllabus analyses. STEM-humanities bridges emerge: engineering classes analyze rod physics, history peers diplomacy ethics.
Future: VR recreations of kite experiments at Virginia Tech; AI timelines at Stanford syncing series clips with artifacts.
Lessons for Students and Future Innovators
Franklin teaches resilience: from apprentice to ambassador, inventions fueled fame enabling diplomacy. U.S. colleges leverage this for career advice—Smithsonian analysis underscores his adaptability. In invention-scarce series, students learn context: genius adapts.
Actionable: Replicate stove models; debate rod's ethics (diverting lightning?).
Conclusion: A Diplomatic Triumph, Inventive Omission
Franklin excels in Revolutionary intrigue, accurately omitting inventions irrelevant to 1776-1785. For U.S. higher ed, it's a diplomacy gateway, best paired with invention deep-dives. As colleges navigate media literacy, it exemplifies nuanced history—flawed hero, timeless lessons. Explore Franklin's full genius to inspire tomorrow's polymaths.
