Dr. Tim Köhler's Pioneering Work at the Forefront of AI and Labour Markets

At the University of Cape Town (UCT), a leading institution in South Africa's higher education landscape, Dr. Tim Köhler is spearheading the UCT AI Youth Employment Study. As a senior research officer in the Development Policy Research Unit (DPRU) within UCT's School of Economics, Köhler brings expertise from his PhD on COVID-19's impacts on labour inequalities, positioning him ideally to explore innovative solutions. This study, funded by the prestigious Schmidt Sciences AI at Work programme, marks UCT as a global player in examining how generative artificial intelligence (AI)—large language models capable of producing human-like text and responses—can reshape job prospects for young people.

The grant, part of over US$3 million (R48 million) awarded to 19 early-career researchers worldwide, highlights the urgency of Köhler's project as the sole South African initiative. It underscores UCT's commitment to evidence-based research addressing national challenges like youth unemployment, which affects millions and perpetuates cycles of poverty and inequality.

Understanding South Africa's Youth Unemployment Crisis in 2026

South Africa's youth unemployment remains one of the world's highest, with Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) reporting 57% for ages 15-24 and 39.2% for 25-34 in Q4:2025 Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS). This equates to about 5.8 million unemployed youth, up slightly despite overall unemployment dipping to 31.4%. Factors include skills mismatches, spatial inequalities—where jobs are in urban areas but youth in townships—limited entry-level opportunities, and information gaps on viable careers.

In higher education context, UCT and other universities produce graduates, yet many struggle post-graduation. The NEET (not in employment, education, or training) rate for 15-24 year-olds hovers at 45.1%, higher for women at 48.1%. Provinces like Eastern Cape (54.3% unemployment, lowest participation) face acute issues, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions like the UCT AI Youth Employment Study.

The Generative AI Career Guidance Tool: Features and Design

The heart of the UCT AI Youth Employment Study is a bespoke generative AI-powered career guidance tool, co-designed with a Cape Town technology firm. Optimized for low-bandwidth environments common in South Africa, it operates via phones or computers as a conversational assistant using large language models (LLMs).

• Personalized job matching based on skills, location, and experience.
• CV optimization with tailored suggestions reflecting local employer needs.
• Interview preparation through simulated practice sessions.
• Guidance on training programs or self-employment in informal sectors.
• Dynamic advice adapting to user feedback for realistic pathways.

Unlike generic platforms, it addresses local realities like informal labour markets and township economies, aiming to overcome information constraints where youth lack knowledge of employer demands or navigation strategies.

For South African universities, integrating such tools could enhance employability programs, bridging academia and industry.

Rigorous Methodology: Randomized Controlled Trial Approach

To ensure credible findings, the study employs a randomized controlled trial (RCT)—the gold standard in causal inference. Unemployed youth are randomly assigned access to the AI tool, allowing isolation of its effects on:

• Employment outcomes like job acquisition rates.
• Job-search behaviors, such as application volume.
• Confidence and expectations about career prospects.
• Unintended effects, e.g., widening inequalities if access is uneven.

This scientific rigor, informed by stakeholder input from NGOs, government, and researchers, positions the UCT study as groundbreaking for developing countries, where AI labour research lags behind high-income nations. Results could validate AI's role in scalable interventions.

Key Barriers: Information Constraints in the Labour Market

Dr. Köhler emphasizes that while structural issues dominate, information asymmetries exacerbate youth joblessness. Young South Africans often receive generic advice ignoring local conditions—like demand for artisan skills in construction or digital gigs in informal trade.

"They may not know which career paths are viable given their circumstances, what skills employers are actually looking for, or how to navigate both formal and informal labour markets," Köhler notes. The AI tool provides context-specific, interactive guidance, potentially boosting decision-making and well-being.

In higher education, this highlights the need for curricula embedding labour market intelligence, as explored in DPRU's Labour Market Intelligence (LMI) program.

Photo by Natalie Hua on Unsplash

Potential Impacts and Scalability for Youth Jobseekers

If successful, the tool offers low-cost, scalable support complementing existing initiatives like NSFAS-funded training or Harambee's youth programs. It could integrate into university career centers, public employment schemes, or apps reaching remote areas.

Benefits include:

• Higher job placement rates through better matching.
• Skill-building via personalized recommendations.
• Increased confidence, reducing discouragement (1.9 million youth affected).
• Entrepreneurship nudges for self-employment amid formal job scarcity.

For UCT graduates and peers, it exemplifies how AI enhances employability, aligning with national goals like Vision 2030 for youth economy building.

Implications for South African Higher Education Institutions

Universities like UCT, Stellenbosch, and Wits face pressure to boost graduate employability amid 37.3% unemployment for tertiary holders. The UCT AI Youth Employment Study signals AI's potential in career services, personalized learning analytics, and skills curricula.

Other SA unis are piloting AI: UCT's AI in Education Framework personalizes teaching; others use tools for performance analysis. Yet challenges persist—digital divides, ethics, faculty training. Köhler's work advocates responsible AI, avoiding hype for evidence-based adoption.

Explore higher ed career advice or university jobs to stay ahead.

DPRU's Broader Contributions to Youth Employment Research

UCT's DPRU, focused on labour markets and inequality, supports multiple projects: INSETA Research Chair on skills, LMI for workforce planning, evaluations of Presidential Youth Employment Initiative. Köhler's prior work on pandemic inequalities informs this AI study.

These efforts position South African higher ed as policy influencers, disseminating findings to government for inclusive growth.

Stakeholder Perspectives and Policy Recommendations

Stakeholders praise the study: NGOs see scalability; government eyes integration with youth programs; educators value personalized guidance insights. Köhler cautions: "AI is not a silver bullet... but well-designed, it may ease specific constraints."

Recommendations include piloting AI in uni career hubs, upskilling lecturers, ethical frameworks. Link to faculty jobs or SA higher ed opportunities.

Future Outlook: AI's Role in Transforming SA Youth Employment

Findings, expected post-trial, could ripple across Africa, informing Global South strategies. UCT leads by blending research with impact, fostering AI literacy in curricula. As AI evolves, unis must prepare students for hybrid roles—human-AI collaboration key.

Optimism tempers realism: alongside tools like this, need infrastructure, education reform, economic growth. Check academic CV tips for edge.

Photo by tommao wang on Unsplash

Actionable Insights for Students, Graduates, and Educators

Leverage emerging AI tools: build digital skills via free platforms; network on Rate My Professor; pursue higher ed jobs. Unis: invest in AI career services. Policymakers: fund RCTs for evidence.

The UCT AI Youth Employment Study exemplifies hopeful innovation amid crisis, driving towards equitable futures.