McGill Study Identifies 95 Facilitators to Boost Physical Activity Participation in Autistic Youth

The Urgent Need for Increased Physical Activity Among Autistic Youth in Canada

Autistic children and youth in Canada face significant challenges in meeting recommended physical activity levels, a concern highlighted by recent national surveys. According to data from the Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth, only 21.4 percent of autistic children and youth achieve the daily guideline of at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), compared to about 35 percent of their neurotypical peers. This gap is alarming, as low physical activity contributes to higher risks of obesity, mental health issues, and social isolation. In Canada, where approximately 1 in 50 children is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)—equating to over 100,000 affected youth—the implications are profound for public health and education systems.

Physical inactivity exacerbates common co-occurring conditions in autism, such as motor skill delays and anxiety. Research from Public Health Canada underscores that autistic youth spend more time in sedentary behaviors, averaging over five hours daily on screens. Addressing this requires evidence-based strategies tailored to their unique strengths and preferences, moving beyond traditional deficit-focused interventions.

McGill University's Groundbreaking Scoping Review

Researchers at McGill University's Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education have led the charge with a comprehensive scoping review titled "Facilitating Physical Activity Participation Among Autistic Children and Youth." Published in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders on February 17, 2026 (ahead-of-print November 27, 2025), the study was conducted by PhD candidate Mathieu Michaud and Professor William J. Harvey, director of the CHAMPS (Choices in Health, Action, Motivation, Pedagogy and Skills) Physical Activity Lab.

Funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) and the Sport Participation Research Initiative, the review systematically mapped existing literature using the Arksey and O'Malley framework and PRISMA guidelines. From nearly 20,000 database entries across six major sources, 43 studies were selected, revealing 95 distinct facilitators to physical activity participation for autistic children and youth aged 5-18.

A Strengths-Based Shift in Autism Physical Activity Research

Traditionally, studies on physical activity in autistic youth emphasized barriers like sensory sensitivities or social challenges. The McGill review flips this script with a strengths-based approach, focusing on what autistic children and youth enjoy and excel at. "This perspective reframes physical activity not as a challenge... but as an opportunity for them to build confidence, enjoyment, and social connection," Michaud explained in the McGill news release.

This paradigm shift aligns with inclusive practices in Canadian kinesiology programs, empowering autistic individuals to own their well-being. By categorizing facilitators within a socio-ecological model—intrapersonal, interpersonal, physical environment, institutional, community, and public policy—the study provides a holistic framework for intervention.

Intrapersonal and Family-Level Facilitators

At the individual level, 25 facilitators emerged, such as selecting activities that match motor skills or framing familiar games in new ways. Autistic youth thrive when activities align with their interests, like repetitive movements in swimming or martial arts, which can improve focus and reduce anxiety.

Family involvement is crucial, with strategies like co-participation boosting engagement by 30-50 percent in pilot programs. Parents can start with short, home-based sessions, gradually building routines. Canadian families, supported by provincial autism programs, report higher success when tailoring activities to sensory profiles.

• Personalized goal-setting based on strengths
• Family modeling of physical activity
• Positive reinforcement for small achievements

Social and Interpersonal Strategies for Peer Support

Social facilitators, numbering 20, highlight the power of peer buddies and supportive coaches. Programs pairing autistic youth with empathetic peers increase participation rates, fostering friendships and reducing isolation. Coach training in clear communication and flexibility is key, as evidenced by adapted sports leagues in Quebec and Ontario.

"Physical activity programs can be created based on what autistic children... enjoy," Michaud noted. In Canada, initiatives like Special Olympics integrate these, showing improved social skills after six months.

• Buddy systems for inclusive play
• Trained coaches using visual aids
• Group activities with choice elements

Environmental and Institutional Adaptations

Physical environments must be sensory-friendly: quiet zones, dim lighting, and soft flooring address overload. Institutions like schools offer after-school clubs, with 15 facilitators identified here. McGill's CHAMPS Lab advocates for policy changes in physical education (PE), such as optional intensity levels.

In Canadian universities training future educators, courses now incorporate these findings. For example, sensory breaks during PE have boosted attendance by 40 percent in Montreal trials.

• Safe, predictable spaces
• Flexible scheduling
• Accessible equipment

Community and Policy Recommendations

Community-level facilitators include inclusive sports clubs and public campaigns. Policy advocates for funding adapted programs, aligning with Canada's Active Living Strategy. The review's 95 facilitators urge multi-level action, from municipal playground redesigns to federal grants.

Stakeholders like Autism Canada endorse these, predicting widespread adoption.Full study abstract on PubMed

Proven Benefits of Physical Activity for Autistic Youth

Beyond participation, physical activity yields multifaceted benefits. Meta-analyses show improvements in motor coordination, social interaction, and stereotypy reduction. Canadian studies link regular MVPA to lower anxiety and better sleep, critical for the 2.25 percent prevalence among youth.

For instance, jogging programs enhance executive function, while yoga aids emotional regulation. Long-term, active autistic youth report higher self-esteem and academic performance.Explore research positions in kinesiology

Real-World Applications and Case Studies from Canada

Pilot programs in British Columbia using peer buddies saw 50 percent uptake increases. Toronto's adaptive swim classes, informed by similar research, report sustained engagement. McGill plans interventions where youth co-design activities, promising scalability.

Photo by Richard Stachmann on Unsplash

Educators in higher ed can integrate this into teacher training.Career advice for academic researchers

Future Directions and Calls to Action

The McGill study paves the way for randomized trials testing combined facilitators. Universities like McGill are pivotal in training professionals. Parents, educators, and policymakers should prioritize strengths-based programs.

Visit higher-ed-jobs, rate-my-professor, and higher-ed-career-advice for resources. Explore research-jobs to contribute to this vital field. Engage with university communities to implement these insights today.