Northwest A&F University's Twin Robots Usher in a New Era of Apple Harvesting Innovation

In the rolling orchards of China's Loess Plateau, where apple production powers a multi-billion-dollar industry, labor shortages have long plagued farmers. Enter Northwest A&F University (NWAFU), a leading agricultural institution in Shaanxi Province, whose researchers have developed the world's first 'twin' humanoid apple-picking robots. Nicknamed 'Big Baby' and 'Little Baby,' these semi-humanoid machines collaborate seamlessly to harvest apples with unprecedented speed and precision, picking one fruit every 7.5 seconds on average. This breakthrough not only addresses critical industry challenges but also highlights NWAFU's pivotal role in advancing agri-tech through higher education research.

China, the global leader in apple production with over 47 million metric tons annually in 2025/26, faces acute harvesting mechanization rates below 3 percent, with labor accounting for 30-40 percent of costs. Traditional methods using ladders and baskets are inefficient and dangerous in hilly terrains. NWAFU's innovation promises to elevate efficiency, reduce damage, and enable round-the-clock operations, positioning the university at the forefront of intelligent agriculture.

Profiling NWAFU: A Powerhouse in Agricultural Higher Education

Established in 1934 and designated a Double First-Class university, Northwest A&F University ranks 11th in China for agricultural sciences and 59th overall nationally. Located in Yangling Agricultural High-Tech Industry Demonstration Zone, NWAFU integrates teaching, research, and extension services, boasting over 30,000 students and strengths in crop science, horticulture, and mechanical engineering. Its College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, home to the twin robot project, exemplifies the 'new engineering' paradigm blending AI, robotics, and agronomy.

The university's Apple Full Mechanization Research Base, led by Professor Yang Fuzeng, underscores its commitment to Loess Plateau fruit industries. Yan'an, a key region, derives 61 percent of farmers' income from apples, benefiting millions. NWAFU's efforts align with national goals for rural revitalization and food security, training the next generation of agri-tech experts.

Professor Yang Fuzeng: The Visionary Behind the Twin Robots

Professor Yang Fuzeng, a veteran in agricultural machinery, has dedicated over a decade to apple robotics. A 1985 NWAFU alumnus with a master's in agricultural machinery design, Yang shifted focus post-2009 postdoctoral work at Northwestern Polytechnical University to hilly orchards. 'Science research has no shortcuts; failure is the norm,' Yang states, recounting 665 failures before success.

His team, including PhD student Chen Zhongcheng, overcame visual occlusion and terrain challenges through iterative design. Yang's patents, including dexterous hands since 2012, form the backbone. This project responds to President Xi Jinping's call to globalize Yan'an apples, blending national policy with academic innovation.

The Ingenious Design of Big Baby and Little Baby

The twin robots share a tracked chassis for mobility in uneven orchards, mimicking human collaboration. Big Baby (over 1.5m tall) targets high branches with extended reach and multi-pose flexibility to navigate obstacles. Little Baby handles lower fruit with compact arms for dense foliage.

Core technologies include:

• AI-driven vision: 0.015-second apple detection using optimized YOLO algorithms, robust to shading and light variations.
• Bionic end-effectors: Three-finger grippers with four modes, featuring rotary-horizontal pull for damage-free picking (under 1% bruise rate).
• Multi-DOF arms: Seven degrees for human-like dexterity.
• Swarm intelligence: Shared processing for task allocation and navigation.

Integrated with transport robots, the system achieves 800 fruits/hour. For more on the development, see the official NWAFU announcement.

A Decade of Iteration: From Single-Arm to Twin Humanoids

Yang's journey began in 2009 with foundational research. Milestones:

• 2012: Fruit-picking dexterous hand patent.
• 2021: First single-arm robot at Baishui station.
• 2022: Dual-arm model, China's first apple multi-robot system with loaders.
• 2024: Huangling full-mechanization station.
• Oct 2025: Twin debut, field demo success.

Publications like improved YOLOv5 for detection underscore academic rigor. Nighttime harvesting and visual robustness mark latest advances.

Proven Performance in Simulated and Real Orchards

Tested at Huangling station, twins harvest a tree in 10 minutes, far surpassing manual rates. Farmers praise: 'Solves hiring woes and boosts confidence.' Optimization continues for climbing and autonomy, eyeing autumn 2026 deployment. CGTN coverage highlights 7.5s/pick speed. Watch the demo.

Tackling China's Apple Industry Labor Crisis

With rural exodus, peak-season shortages inflate costs. Shaanxi's Yan'an exemplifies: apples vital yet manual. Robots cut labor dependency, aligning with robotics surge (31% production growth 2026). USDA notes declining output risks, but mechanization key.

NWAFU's Broader Impact on Agri-Robotics Education

Training PhDs like Chen Zhongcheng, NWAFU fosters talent for 'Xinong Scheme.' Publications and stations bridge lab-to-field, inspiring curricula in AI-agri fusion. As China leads harvesting robot papers, NWAFU drives HE innovation.

Global Context: China's Lead in Fruit Harvesting Robotics

While US firms like Abundant Robotics exist, China's multi-arm humanoids unique. NWAFU advances surpass lab prototypes elsewhere, per bibliometrics.

Photo by Zoshua Colah on Unsplash

Future Horizons: Commercialization and Beyond

Autumn trials pave commercialization, expanding to kiwifruit. Yang envisions industry transformation: 'Automation for farmer prosperity.' NWAFU eyes swarms, boosting HE's role in sustainable agri.

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