Peking University Team's Decades-Long Quest Ends with Historic Approval

The recent approval of the i-NYS device marks a monumental achievement for Chinese higher education in biomedical engineering and ophthalmology. Led by Professor Wang Lejin at Peking University People's Hospital, researchers have transformed a 20-year vision into reality, securing market authorization from China's National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) on March 13, 2026. This Class III active implantable medical device represents the world's first targeted implantable solution for congenital nystagmus (CN), an involuntary eye oscillation disorder affecting visual stability from infancy.

Peking University's Ophthalmology Department spearheaded the foundational research, collaborating with Beijing University of Technology professors to found Super Vision Technology in 2018. This university-industry synergy exemplifies how China's top institutions drive medtech innovation, bridging basic neuroscience with clinical translation. The breakthrough not only promises relief for 1.3 million CN patients in China but also positions Peking University as a global leader in neuro-ophthalmic implants.

Understanding Congenital Nystagmus: A Lifelong Visual Challenge

Congenital nystagmus, also known as infantile nystagmus syndrome, emerges between 3-6 months after birth and persists lifelong. Characterized by rapid, rhythmic to-and-fro eye movements, it disrupts macular foveation—the precise fixation needed for sharp vision. Patients often develop abnormal head postures, balance issues, and reduced binocular function, leading to amblyopia, strabismus, and profound quality-of-life impairments.

Globally, prevalence ranges from 1 to 3 per 1,000 individuals, equating to about 7 million cases, with China estimating 1.3 million affected—six times higher among preterm infants. Prior treatments like optical aids, prisms, or muscle surgeries offered symptomatic relief at best, failing to address the neuromuscular pathology. Peking University studies highlighted how aberrant extraocular muscle rhythms perpetuate oscillations, inspiring a neuromodulation approach.

From Lab Hypothesis to Implantable Innovation at Peking University

Professor Wang Lejin's team at Peking University People's Hospital proposed the clinical concept in 2004, drawing on decades of neuro-ophthalmology expertise. Early investigator-initiated trials (IIT) in 2015 validated the hypothesis: targeted electrical stimulation could dampen pathological rhythms. By integrating insights from Peking University's Neuroscience Research Institute, researchers pinpointed the extraocular rectus muscle as key to inhibition.

This work built on prior university-led explorations into vestibular-oculomotor links and genetic underpinnings of CN, common in Chinese cohorts. Collaborations with Beijing University of Technology advanced microelectronics for safe, chronic implantation, showcasing interdisciplinary higher education prowess in China.

The i-NYS Device: Engineering Precision Neuromodulation

The i-NYS (implantable extraocular Neuromuscular stimulation sYStem) is a compact, battery-powered implant surgically placed near the extraocular rectus muscle. It delivers precise microcurrents—pulses calibrated to patient-specific rhythms—to modulate neural firing, stabilizing gaze without suppressing natural saccades. Unlike vagus nerve stimulators, i-NYS targets peripheral oculomotor pathways directly.

Device specs include biocompatible titanium housing, wireless programming via external controller, and adaptive algorithms refined through Peking University simulations. Development emphasized minimal invasiveness: outpatient activation post-implant, with longevity exceeding 10 years. This fusion of Peking's clinical acumen and tech partners' fabrication highlights university-driven medtech ecosystems in China.

Rigorous Clinical Validation Across Peking-Affiliated Centers

Multi-center trials from 2023-2024 enrolled 71 patients (45 adults, 26 pediatrics) at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Chaoyang Hospital, and Beijing Children's Hospital—many Peking University affiliates. Primary endpoints: nystagmus amplitude reduction >30%, frequency drop >25%, foveation time increase >50%. Results exceeded targets, with 85% achieving best-corrected visual acuity gains of 2+ lines.

• Pediatric cohort: 92% sustained improvement at 12-month follow-up, no growth interference.
• Adverse events: Mild (edema, 12%), resolved spontaneously; zero serious.
• Quality-of-life metrics: 78% reported better reading/driving, reduced vertigo.

These outcomes, published in preparatory NMPA dossiers, underscore Peking University's trial design rigor, leveraging hospital networks for diverse demographics.

Photo by P C on Unsplash

Navigating China's Regulatory Green Channel: A University Milestone

Entering NMPA's innovative device "green channel" in January 2024 accelerated review, culminating in approval just two years later. This pathway, prioritizing breakthroughs like i-NYS, reflects China's push for self-reliant medtech—aligning with "Made in China 2025." Peking University People's Hospital provided pivotal data, securing HUD status from US FDA in June 2025 for global trials.

The journey from IIT to commercialization exemplifies university tech transfer: IP licensed to Super Vision, ensuring academic oversight in scaling production.

Transforming Lives: Patient Impacts and Broader Healthcare Gains

For CN patients, i-NYS shifts paradigms from palliation to restoration. Early adopters report normalized gaze during tasks, boosting independence. In China, where preterm births rise, this addresses a growing burden—potentially averting 500,000+ cases of secondary amblyopia annually.

Peking University's role elevates Chinese ophthalmology, fostering spin-offs and attracting talent. Economic ripple: Reduced lifelong disability costs, estimated at RMB 50B+ yearly.

Global Ripples: Peking University Sets Neuromodulation Benchmark

As the first approved implantable CN therapy worldwide, i-NYS paves paths for FDA/EU trials. Peking researchers eye expansions to acquired nystagmus (e.g., post-stroke). This positions China—and its universities—at forefront of ocular neuroprosthetics, rivaling cochlear implants' trajectory.

Collaborations with international centers loom, amplifying Peking's global research footprint.

Peking University's Legacy in Ophthalmic Innovation

Beyond i-NYS, Peking University leads in retinal prosthetics, gene therapies for albinism-related CN. Neuroscience Institute advances oculomotor mapping, informing next-gen implants. Faculty publications exceed 200 on nystagmus genetics/pathophysiology, training PhDs now commercializing therapies.

Career Frontiers: MedTech Opportunities from Peking's Breakthrough

This success spotlights roles in neuroengineering, clinical trials at Peking affiliates. China’s medtech boom demands faculty, postdocs in ophthalmology, biomedical EE—salaries averaging RMB 500K+, with grants via NSFC.

Photo by Bangyu Wang on Unsplash

• Research assistantships: Neuromodulation modeling.
• Faculty positions: Ocular implant translation.
• Industry liaisons: University spin-off scaling.

Future Horizons: Scaling i-NYS and Beyond

Super Vision plans 10,000 implants by 2028, with pediatric optimizations. Peking eyes AI-adaptive stimulation, multi-muscle arrays. Challenges: Long-term biocompatibility, accessibility in rural China. Optimism prevails, heralding era where university ingenuity cures the incurable.