Japan Enacts Stricter Drone Laws to Enhance National Security

Japan has taken a significant step forward in aviation safety and counterterrorism by enacting legislation that tightens rules governing unmanned aircraft, commonly known as drones. The new measures, which came into effect on June 17, 2026, expand prohibited flight areas around critical infrastructure and government facilities from approximately 300 meters to about 1,000 meters. This development responds directly to rapid advancements in drone technology, including increased speed, range, and payload capacity that have raised concerns among security officials.

The legislation amends the existing Drone Act, officially titled the Act Prohibiting UAVs’ Flights Over Important Facilities and Surrounding Areas. Under the updated framework, what were previously known as "yellow zones" surrounding designated key sites now cover a much broader radius. These zones include areas around the National Diet building, the Prime Minister’s Office, the Imperial Palace, defense-related installations, airports, and nuclear power plants. Flying in these expanded zones without authorization now triggers immediate penalties, including up to six months in prison or fines reaching 500,000 yen.

Background and Drivers Behind the Regulatory Changes

Drone regulations in Japan have evolved steadily since the initial framework was established in 2015 under the Civil Aeronautics Act administered by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT). Early rules focused on basic operational limits such as a maximum altitude of 150 meters, daytime-only flights, and visual line-of-sight requirements. Registration became mandatory for drones weighing 100 grams or more, along with the installation of Remote ID technology for identification purposes.

The push for tighter controls gained momentum following expert recommendations from a National Police Agency panel in late 2025. Reports highlighted how modern drones can now achieve speeds of up to 150 kilometers per hour, transmit video over distances up to 10 kilometers, and carry payloads as heavy as 30 kilograms—capabilities far exceeding those envisioned when the original laws were drafted. These enhancements have prompted authorities to prioritize greater buffer zones around sensitive locations to allow security forces adequate response time.

Counterterrorism considerations played a central role. Officials noted that expanded zones will help mitigate risks during high-profile events, such as ceremonies involving the Prime Minister, the Emperor, or visiting foreign dignitaries, where temporary additional restrictions may apply.

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Key Provisions of the New Drone Regulations

The enacted law introduces several practical changes for drone operators. The most prominent is the expansion of no-fly or restricted zones. Previously limited to roughly 300 meters, the new standard extends protection to approximately 1 kilometer around designated facilities. In some cases, boundaries may extend even further based on terrain or specific security needs.

Penalties have been strengthened for violations within these yellow zones. Offenders now face swift enforcement rather than warnings in many instances. The government plans to integrate mapping of restricted areas into publicly accessible platforms provided by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan to improve compliance awareness.

Existing MLIT requirements remain in force and have been reinforced. All drones 100 grams and heavier must be registered through the official DIPS portal, display a registration ID, and feature Remote ID broadcasting. Operators must still obtain prior permission for flights near airports, in densely inhabited districts, or above 150 meters. Night flying, operations over crowds, and reckless maneuvers continue to be prohibited without special approval.

• Registration via MLIT’s Unmanned Aircraft Registration Web Portal is mandatory for qualifying drones.
• Flight permissions are processed through the DIPS 2.0 system, with applications typically requiring at least 10 business days’ notice.
• Operators must maintain detailed flight logs and report any accidents or serious incidents promptly.

Impact on Hobbyists, Commercial Operators, and Tourists

The updated rules affect a wide range of users, from recreational hobbyists to commercial filmmakers and agricultural surveyors. Tourists bringing drones into Japan must comply fully, as there are no exemptions for visitors. Popular destinations such as Tokyo and Kyoto already feature extensive restricted areas, and the expansion will further limit options in urban centers.

Authorities have committed to balancing security with legitimate drone use by providing clear mapping tools and working with retailers to educate buyers. Commercial operators in sectors like infrastructure inspection or media production will need to plan routes more carefully and apply for permissions well in advance. Failure to do so risks equipment confiscation, fines, or criminal charges.

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Stakeholder Perspectives and Implementation Outlook

Security agencies and law enforcement have welcomed the changes as a necessary adaptation to evolving threats. The National Police Agency emphasized that the measures close potential gaps that faster, longer-range drones could exploit. Government statements stress that the goal is prevention rather than restriction for its own sake.

Industry representatives and drone enthusiasts have expressed cautious acceptance, noting the importance of public safety while calling for user-friendly tools to navigate the new boundaries. The MLIT continues to offer guidance through its official resources, including detailed flight rule summaries and application portals.

Implementation will involve coordination across multiple ministries, including the Ministry of Defense for facility-specific zones. Public awareness campaigns are expected to roll out alongside the updated mapping systems.

Future Implications for Aviation Safety in Japan

These regulatory updates position Japan among countries taking proactive stances on drone governance amid global technological progress. Similar discussions are occurring internationally as drone capabilities advance. For Japan, the focus remains on protecting critical infrastructure while supporting the growing legitimate uses of unmanned aircraft in disaster response, logistics, and creative industries.

Observers anticipate further refinements as enforcement data accumulates and technology continues to evolve. The government has signaled openness to adjustments that maintain security without unduly burdening compliant operators.

For the latest official details, consult the MLIT Civil Aviation Bureau resources and recent coverage from Kyodo News.