Revealing Public Anxieties: The ANU National Security Study

The Australian National University (ANU) National Security College recently released a comprehensive report titled 'No worries? Australian attitudes to national security, risk and resilience,' published on March 22, 2026. This study, drawing from over 20,000 survey respondents across three waves from November 2024 to February 2026, plus focus groups and public submissions, paints a picture of escalating national security concerns among Australians. Notably, 45 percent of respondents believe a foreign military attack on Australia is probable within the next five years, while 68 percent anticipate involvement in an overseas military conflict. These figures underscore a shift from complacency to heightened vigilance, particularly as non-military threats like artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled attacks (77 percent viewing as major threat) and economic crises (75 percent) dominate perceptions.

Conducted through nationally representative surveys and eight deliberative focus groups involving 480 participants, the methodology ensures robust insights. The report highlights how events like the December 2025 Bondi terrorist attack amplified fears, with terrorism concerns jumping from 55 percent to 72 percent. For higher education, this public mood signals potential shifts in university priorities, funding, and research directions, as institutions grapple with aligning academic freedom and national interests.

University Students at the Epicenter of Rising Fears

Among the most striking findings is the sharp increase in anxiety among 18- to 24-year-olds, the core demographic of higher education. Worry about national security in this group surged by 33 percentage points, from 22 percent to 55 percent over 15 months. This cohort, comprising current and prospective university students, feels overwhelmed by intersecting pressures—economic insecurity, disinformation, and cyber threats—leading to news avoidance and a sense of powerlessness.

Australian universities, enrolling over 1.5 million students annually, must address this. Campuses like ANU, with its dedicated National Security College offering programs such as the Master of National Security Policy, are uniquely positioned. Yet, the study's revelation that only 34 percent of Australians know where to find security information points to a gap in educational outreach. Universities could integrate national resilience modules into curricula, fostering informed graduates ready for a volatile world.

Navigating Foreign Interference in University Research

National security fears are manifesting directly in Australian higher education through heightened scrutiny of foreign interference. A 2022 parliamentary inquiry by the Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security identified espionage and coercion as primary risks, targeting sensitive research in quantum computing, biotechnology, and defence technologies. Recent cases, including the closure of Confucius Institutes at six major universities in early 2025, reflect proactive measures against perceived influence operations linked to foreign governments.

ASIO Director-General Mike Burgess has warned of spies posing as academics or students to access valuable research. For instance, in one documented approach, leading researchers were lured to overseas conferences, post-event providing insights on Australia's defence priorities. The Conversation article details how databases are hacked and insiders inserted, urging stronger national policies.

• Key vulnerabilities: Unmonitored international collaborations.
• Targeted fields: AI, hypersonics, and critical minerals.
• Compliance issues: Voluntary guidelines lack enforcement.

Government Guidelines and the University Foreign Interference Taskforce

The Australian Department of Education's Countering Foreign Interference hub provides essential resources, including the University Foreign Interference Taskforce (UFIT). This multi-agency body, involving half its members from universities, promotes the 2019 Guidelines to Counter Foreign Interference in the Australian University Sector. Institutions like the University of Sydney and Monash University have implemented risk registers and staff training, but experts call for mandatory standards and dedicated funding.

The 2022 inquiry's 27 recommendations, including bans on talent programs that duplicate research abroad, remain partially implemented. With perceptions of underpreparedness at 50 percent plus across threats, universities are urged to establish security ethics committees, mirroring European models in Germany and the Netherlands.

AUKUS Pillar II: Opportunities and Security Hurdles for Universities

The AUKUS security pact, encompassing Australia, the UK, and the US, opens doors for higher education in advanced capabilities. In December 2025, eight top universities—UNSW Sydney, Curtin University, Adelaide University, alongside UK partners like Imperial College London—signed the UK-Australia Advanced Skills Alliance. This pact targets nuclear engineering, cybersecurity, and systems design through joint PhD programs, with students spending up to 12 months abroad.

However, security clearances pose challenges. Streamlining processes is critical, as vetting delays hinder participation. UNSW's initiative, detailed here, exemplifies how universities can drive sovereign research while navigating clearances. Benefits include micro-credentials and industry links, positioning Australian higher ed as a defence innovation hub.

Challenges with Security Clearances in Academia

Security clearances, essential for AUKUS and classified research, create bottlenecks. The process, often taking months, excludes many academics without prior vetting. Universities like ANU advocate for pathways via programs like the Trusted Information Sharing Network for Critical Technology, rewarding safeguarded research.

Stakeholder perspectives vary: Researchers decry barriers to collaboration, while defence experts emphasize necessity amid espionage risks. Solutions include pre-clearance training and incentives, ensuring higher ed contributes to national resilience without stifling innovation.

Integrating National Security into University Curricula

The ANU study advocates media literacy education to combat disinformation, a top threat at 73 percent. Universities are responding: ANU's Bachelor of International Security Studies and Master's programs equip students with tools to analyze risks. Other institutions, like the University of Melbourne, offer electives on cyber threats and foreign interference.

Step-by-step integration:

• Assess curriculum gaps via risk audits.
• Develop interdisciplinary courses blending policy, tech, and ethics.
• Partner with government for guest lectures and simulations.
• Evaluate via student outcomes on resilience metrics.

Case Studies: Universities Leading the Response

UNSW Sydney leads with its AUKUS-aligned Grand Challenge programs, securing funding for secure labs. ANU's National Security College hosted the 'Securing our Future' conference in March 2026, disseminating study findings. Meanwhile, the University of Queensland enhanced vetting post-2025 interference alerts.

Real-world impacts: Reduced risky partnerships, boosted domestic funding, and student clubs focused on resilience. These adaptations balance openness with security, vital as 79 percent foresee catastrophic attack consequences.

Implications for International Students and Collaborations

International students, numbering over 700,000 in 2025, face visa scrutiny amid interference fears. While Chinese enrolments dipped post-Confucius closures, India and Southeast Asia rose. Universities promote ethical collaborations via UFIT-vetted partners, ensuring diversity without compromise.

Cultural context: Australia's alliance with the US via AUKUS necessitates transparent exchanges, fostering trust.

Photo by Matt Str on Unsplash

Future Outlook: Building a Resilient Higher Education Sector

Looking ahead, Australian universities must invest in research security ecosystems—funding officers, AI risk tools, and ethics training. The ANU study's call for better communication aligns with calls for public-private partnerships. With youth leading anxiety trends, higher ed can cultivate proactive mindsets, turning fears into actionable strategies for a secure future.

Optimistic notes: 71 percent believe communities can enhance safety, positioning universities as resilience hubs.