EU Research Widening Measures Must Vary by Country, New European Parliament Study Urges

Unpacking the Need for Tailored EU Research Widening Measures

The European Union's efforts to bridge the research and innovation (R&I) gap across member states have long been a cornerstone of programs like Horizon Europe. Widening measures, formally part of the Widening Participation and Spreading Excellence (WIDERA) pillar, aim to bolster R&I capacities in countries that lag behind the EU average. These initiatives target 'widening countries'—nations with lower innovation performance as measured by the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS)—by providing targeted funding, partnerships, and capacity-building tools. However, a recent draft study commissioned by the European Parliament's Science and Technology Options Assessment (STOA) Panel argues that one-size-fits-all approaches fall short. Instead, widening measures must be customized to each country's unique challenges, potentials, and systemic blockages to truly close the divide.

This push for variation recognizes the diverse R&I landscapes within the 15 widening countries, including Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. While some, like Estonia and Portugal, have made strides in certain areas, others struggle with fundamental issues like access to finance or skilled talent. For universities and higher education institutions in these nations, this means opportunities to upgrade research centers, attract top talent, and integrate into pan-European networks—but only if support aligns with local realities.

Background on Horizon Europe's Widening Framework

Launched in 2021, Horizon Europe allocates around €3 billion to widening measures, a significant increase from the €1 billion in Horizon 2020. The WIDERA pillar encompasses a suite of instruments designed to enhance research excellence and spread it geographically:

• Teaming for Excellence: Partners widening institutions with leading EU centers to create or upgrade Centres of Excellence, often leveraging Cohesion Funds for matching investment.
• Twinning: Fosters bilateral networking between widening teams and top-tier counterparts for knowledge transfer and best practice exchange.
• ERA Chairs: Recruits outstanding researchers to lead teams in widening universities or centers, boosting specific scientific domains.
• European Excellence Initiative (EEI): Empowers university alliances to elevate science and innovation valorization.
• Other tools like Hop-on Facility, COST networks, and Excellence Hubs link academia, business, and government.

These have spurred reforms: under Horizon 2020, widening countries' participation rose to 5.1% of the budget by 2021, up from lower shares in prior frameworks. Yet, success varies. The European Court of Auditors (ECA) noted well-designed measures but highlighted persistent low participation rates compared to non-widening peers.

In higher education, widening actions have introduced new curricula, expanded international publications, and opened partnerships—critical for universities aiming to compete globally. For academics seeking roles in these evolving ecosystems, platforms like AcademicJobs.com/university-jobs offer insights into emerging opportunities.

Key Insights from the European Parliament's STOA Study

Authored by innovation expert Reinhilde Veugelers from KU Leuven, the draft study—presented on January 22, 2026—reviews widening effectiveness from FP8 (Horizon 2020) onward. It employs the Potential Innovation Capacity (PIC) metric, assessing four pillars: access to tools (e.g., IT infrastructure, co-publications), absorptive capacity (education, demographics), creative capacity, and impact (exports, productivity).

Findings reveal stark heterogeneity: some widening countries have caught up in EIS indicators, but progress stalls in finance access—R&D expenditures, venture capital, and public funding show little improvement or regression in several cases. Instruments like Teaming succeed where ecosystems are mature but falter in nascent ones. Veugelers emphasizes, “To know how to support specific Widening countries you need to know where they are, what blockages they face to catch up, and also their potential.” Systemic reforms must precede funding for absorption.

Heterogeneity Among Widening Countries: Case Studies

No two widening countries share identical profiles. Estonia exemplifies success: aggressive digital reforms and high PIC scores enabled effective Twinning and Teaming, elevating its universities like Tallinn University of Technology into collaborative leaders. Portugal's i3S Health Research Institute, via Teaming, now rivals Western European peers, enhancing biomedical research at Porto University.

Contrast this with Romania or Bulgaria, where brain drain and fragmented funding hinder progress. PIC analysis shows deficits in absorptive capacity—fewer PhDs per capita—and tools like broadband disparities. In Hungary, political shifts have deterred partnerships, stalling university internationalization.

These variances underscore the study's call for bespoke strategies. For higher ed leaders, understanding local PIC can guide grant applications; resources at AcademicJobs.com/higher-ed-career-advice provide tailored guidance.

Challenges and Mixed Results in Widening Participation

Despite gains, widening countries secure under 10% of Horizon Europe Pillar 2 funding. Barriers include:

• Administrative capacity: Complex proposal processes overwhelm smaller teams.
• Networking gaps: Fewer pre-existing ties to excellent partners.
• Finance mismatches: Low venture capital limits commercialization.
• Talent mobility: Brain drain to stronger hubs.

Universities bear much: 34.5% of WIDERA participants are higher ed entities. Yet, ECA critiques monitoring—without granular data, ineffective tools persist. Recent 2026-27 work programme boosts widening budgets amid €14 billion total allocation, signaling commitment.

Implications for European Universities and Higher Education

Higher education is pivotal: Widening instruments like EEI and ERA Talents target unis to foster talent circulation and cross-sector links. In widening nations, universities drive R&I ecosystems—e.g., ERA Chairs have embedded 100+ experts, sparking PhD programs and startups.

The study advocates PIC-monitored tailoring: Estonia might scale Teaming; Latvia prioritize Twinning for networks. For professors and researchers, this means more research-jobs in upgraded centers. AcademicJobs.com tracks these shifts across Europe.

Stakeholder Perspectives and Expert Opinions

The research community echoes Veugelers: EUA calls for reframing widening as empowerment, not charity. Science Europe pushes dynamic categorization beyond static EIS thresholds. Commission's FP10 draft introduces 'transition' countries (EIS >75%, rising participation), but critics like Veugelers warn of metric flaws and stagnation risks—favoring fluid, PIC-based evolution.

National views vary: Baltic states seek scaling; Southern peers demand finance focus. Universities urge synergies with Cohesion Policy for sustained investment.

Path Forward: Recommendations for FP10 and Beyond

The study proposes 'Widening 2.0':

1. Dynamic PIC monitoring with annual updates.
2. Tailored instrument mixes per country profile.
3. Systemic preconditions (e.g., reforms via Policy Support Facility) before scaling funding.
4. Integration with national plans and EU funds.

For 2028-34 FP10 negotiations, Parliament negotiators prioritize widening in talks. Universities stand to gain via enhanced EEI hubs, potentially hosting more international faculty—check faculty positions.

Photo by Markus Winkler on Unsplash

Future Outlook and Actionable Insights

With Horizon Europe entering final years, 2026-27's widened budgets (€29M+ for calls) offer entry points. Long-term, country-specific measures could halve the R&I gap by 2035, per projections. Stakeholders must lobby for PIC adoption.

Researchers: Assess your PIC via EIS data; apply to Hop-on or COST. Institutions: Build Twinning consortia. Explore careers at AcademicJobs.com/higher-ed-jobs, rate-my-professor, or higher-ed-career-advice. Share views in comments below.