Photo by David Clode on Unsplash
🦕 A Teenager's Chance Find Turns into Paleontological Gold
In 1958, a group of high school students from Brisbane explored Petrie's Quarry in the suburb of Albion, hunting for fossils among the sandstone blocks. Among them was Bruce Runnegar, then a teenager, who spotted an intriguing impression in the rock—a footprint-like mark accompanied by a narrow groove. Suspecting it might be something special, like dinosaur tracks, young Runnegar pocketed the slab. Little did he know, this casual discovery would languish in personal and teaching collections for over six decades before emerging as Australia's oldest confirmed dinosaur fossil.
The story highlights how everyday curiosity can lead to monumental scientific breakthroughs. Runnegar went on to become Professor Bruce Runnegar, earning degrees from the University of Queensland (UQ) and teaching paleontology at institutions like the University of New England and the University of California, Los Angeles. He often showed the fossil to students as an example of a trace fossil—a mark left by an ancient organism in sediment—created by a heavy animal pressing into soft ground. It wasn't until recently that he connected with UQ paleontologist Dr. Anthony Romilio, whose expertise in digital reconstruction breathed new life into the specimen.
Today, the fossil resides at the Queensland Museum (QM F62103-4), safeguarded for future study. This tale underscores the importance of preserving even seemingly minor finds, as urban quarries like Petrie's—long since redeveloped into housing and infrastructure—often erase potential sites forever.
Scientific Confirmation: From Obscurity to Oldest Record
Fast-forward to 2026: Dr. Romilio's team at UQ's Dinosaur Lab applied cutting-edge techniques to authenticate the find. Using photogrammetry with an iPhone 7, they created a high-resolution 3D model in software like Agisoft Metashape and MeshLab. This digital cast revealed details invisible to the naked eye: a footprint 18.5 centimeters long and 16.2 centimeters wide, with three forward-pointing digit impressions in a fan-shaped outline, showing weak mesaxony (central toe dominance).
Geological dating placed it firmly in the Carnian stage of the Late Triassic period, approximately 230 million years ago. The Aspley Formation, where it originated, consists of fine-grained shale and sandstone from ancient river and lake environments. This predates previous Australian dinosaur records from the Norian stage (~225-210 million years ago) in nearby Ipswich, rewriting the timeline of dinosaur arrival on the continent.
The peer-reviewed study, published in Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology, employed geometric morphometrics—analyzing landmark points on the print via Procrustes analysis and principal component analysis—to compare it with global ichnofossils (fossil footprints). It closely matches the ichnogenus Evazoum, known from early sauropodomorphs.Read the full study here.
The Dinosaur Revealed: A Nimble Basal Sauropodomorph
What creature left this mark? Analysis suggests a basal sauropodomorph—a primitive member of the group that later produced giants like Brachiosaurus. Unlike later quadrupedal sauropods, this one was bipedal, standing about 78 centimeters at the hip and weighing roughly 144 kilograms, based on scaling from fossils like Bagualosaurus (hip height multiplier of 4.216) and volumetric density estimates (970 kg/m³).
The footprint's morphology—digit divarication angles of 19.7° and 27.2°—indicates a lightweight, agile dinosaur capable of theoretical speeds up to 60-62 km/h, per allometric equations. The accompanying 13-centimeter groove may be a tail drag trace, common in bipedal dinosaurs balancing on hind legs. Imagine this small herbivore or omnivore foraging near waterways, its clawed feet sinking into mud that hardened into the sandstone blocks later quarried for Brisbane buildings.
Sauropodomorphs originated around 230 million years ago in the Late Triassic, diversifying across Gondwana—the southern supercontinent including Australia, South America, Africa, and Antarctica. This find confirms their early presence Down Under, challenging ideas of slower southerly dispersal from northern Laurasia.
Geological Backdrop: The Aspley Formation's Hidden World
The Aspley Formation records a humid, fluvial landscape during the Carnian Pluvial Episode—a wet phase amid the hotter Triassic climate. Rivers and lakes teemed with early reptiles, amphibians, and the first dinosaurs, while massive volcanic activity elsewhere contributed to biodiversity shifts leading to dinosaur dominance.
Petrie's Quarry exposed these layers until redevelopment buried the site. No body fossils of dinosaurs exist here, making this ichnofossil uniquely vital. Prior Australian Triassic tracks were anecdotal; this is definitive evidence, expanding Evazoum's Gondwanan footprint from smaller examples in Argentina and South Africa.
For context, Australia's dinosaur record ramps up in the Jurassic (e.g., Lark Quarry tracks) and Cretaceous (Muttaburrasaurus, Australovenator), but Triassic evidence was sparse—until now.UQ's detailed report illuminates this gap.
Implications: Reshaping Australia's Prehistoric Narrative
This discovery pushes dinosaur origins in Australia back by millions of years, suggesting they roamed Brisbane—now a bustling city—when it was a subtropical floodplain. It hints at widespread Carnian dinosaurs across Gondwana, with similar tracks in Lesotho and Brazil.
- Timeline shift: From Norian to Carnian, aligning Australia with global early dinosaur radiation.
- Biodiversity insight: Basal sauropodomorphs coexisted with theropods and ornithischians precursors.
- Conservation lesson: Urban expansion destroys sites; museum collections preserve history.
Dr. Romilio notes, "This shows how globally significant discoveries remain hidden in plain sight." It inspires renewed surveys of historical quarries and teaching slabs.
Challenges of Fossil Preservation in Urban Australia
Brisbane's growth swallowed Petrie's Quarry, exemplifying threats to paleontological sites. Sandstone from such locales built the city's infrastructure, unknowingly embedding history in walls and roads. Proactive policies—like those at UQ's Dinosaur Lab—salvage specimens from development.
Actionable advice for enthusiasts: Document finds with GPS, photos, and 3D scans; report to museums. Citizen science apps aid pros in mapping potential sites.
Pursuing Paleontology: Careers in Australia's Dino Labs
Stories like this fuel dreams in paleontology—a field blending fieldwork, digital tech, and academia. UQ researchers exemplify paths from student collector to professor. Aspiring experts can start with geology degrees, volunteering at museums, or research assistant jobs in universities.
Australia's fossil-rich states offer university jobs in earth sciences. Hone skills via career advice for research roles, mastering photogrammetry or morphometrics. Institutions like Queensland Museum seek curators; check research jobs for postdocs analyzing ichnofossils.
Looking Ahead: What Lies Beneath?
Future digs may uncover more Aspley trackways, body fossils, or contemporaries. Tech like LiDAR scans urban areas for hidden outcrops. This footprint sparks questions: Were herds common? How did climate shape their spread?
In summary, Brisbane's overlooked relic proves dinosaurs tread Australia's capitals early. Share your thoughts in comments—have you found fossils? Explore rate my professor for top paleo educators, hunt higher ed jobs, or advance via career advice. Stay curious!
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