Advancing Research Integrity in Scholarly Publishing

Nature, one of the world's leading multidisciplinary scientific journals, announced on 27 May 2026 that it is expanding its Registered Reports format to encompass all disciplines in which it publishes. This includes natural sciences, social sciences, clinical sciences, engineering, and public health. The move builds on the journal's initial introduction of the format in 2023, which had been restricted primarily to cognitive neuroscience and behavioural and social sciences, and focused on confirmatory, hypothesis-testing research.

Registered Reports represent a structured publishing model designed to prioritise rigorous methods and important research questions over the direction or statistical significance of results. In this format, researchers submit detailed study proposals—including hypotheses where applicable, data collection plans, and analysis strategies—for peer review before any data are gathered or, in the case of secondary analyses, before existing datasets are accessed.

How the Registered Reports Process Works

The format operates in two distinct stages. In Stage 1, authors submit a comprehensive proposal outlining the research question, its significance, experimental or data-collection procedures, sampling plans with statistical power analyses where relevant, and planned analyses. Editors and reviewers assess the importance of the question, the robustness of the design, and the feasibility of the approach. If approved, the journal issues an in-principle acceptance, committing to publish the final study provided the approved protocol is followed.

Stage 2 occurs after the research is completed exactly as pre-registered. Authors submit the full manuscript, which undergoes further review to verify adherence to the protocol. Exploratory analyses are permitted but must be clearly labelled as such, justified, and reported separately from the main pre-registered results. The final paper is published regardless of whether the findings support the original hypotheses or yield null or inconclusive outcomes.

This two-stage structure encourages meticulous planning from the outset. Authors must register the approved Stage 1 protocol in a recognised public repository, ensuring transparency and allowing others to verify the original intentions.

Key Benefits for Researchers and the Scientific Community

By shifting the focus to methods and questions before results are known, Registered Reports help address longstanding issues in academic publishing. One major advantage is the reduction of publication bias, often referred to as the file-drawer problem, where studies with negative or unexpected results remain unpublished. The in-principle acceptance guarantees publication as long as the protocol is followed, giving researchers confidence to pursue ambitious or high-risk projects.

Another benefit is improved study design. Reviewers provide input early, suggesting refinements to sampling, procedures, or analyses that strengthen the work. This collaborative element contrasts with traditional peer review, which occurs only after data collection and analysis are complete. The format also discourages questionable research practices such as p-hacking, where multiple analyses are run until a statistically significant result emerges, because the analysis plan is locked in advance.

For early-career researchers and those in competitive fields, the model offers practical advantages. It provides a clear publication pathway even when results do not align with expectations, reducing the pressure to produce positive findings. Real-world examples, such as a recent social psychology study on social-media algorithms conducted during the 2024 US presidential election, demonstrate how the format enabled large-scale, resource-intensive work with the assurance of publication.

Photo by Julian Scagliola on Unsplash

Expansion Details and Scope

The 2026 expansion broadens eligibility significantly. In addition to hypothesis-driven quantitative research, Nature now welcomes proposals for large-scale data collection efforts, methodological comparisons across disciplines, and secondary analyses of existing datasets where authors have not previously accessed the data. This inclusive approach recognises that high-quality research takes many forms beyond traditional confirmatory experiments.

Editor-in-Chief Magdalena Skipper emphasised that the change supports robust and transparent research regardless of outcomes. The policy aligns with Nature's broader commitment to open science practices, including support for preprints and mandatory transparent peer review for published papers.

Other journals within the Springer Nature portfolio, such as Nature Communications, have offered Registered Reports in specific domains for several years, providing operational experience that informs the wider rollout.

Challenges and Considerations for Authors

While beneficial, the Registered Reports format demands substantial upfront effort. Preparing a detailed Stage 1 proposal requires significant time and precision, often involving multiple rounds of review. Researchers must be prepared to adhere closely to the approved plan, which can limit flexibility if unexpected issues arise during data collection.

Protocol deviations are possible but must be documented and justified. Exploratory analyses remain allowed to capture serendipitous findings, provided they are reported transparently and do not form the basis of primary conclusions. Authors are also required to share raw data, code, and materials in public repositories to facilitate reproducibility.

Institutions and funders increasingly recognise the value of such practices. Many now encourage or require pre-registration for certain grants, viewing Registered Reports as a marker of research integrity that can strengthen funding applications and career progression.

Implications for Academic Careers and Institutional Practices

For PhD candidates, postdoctoral researchers, and faculty members, familiarity with Registered Reports can enhance research portfolios. Publications using this format demonstrate commitment to rigorous, reproducible science, which is valued by hiring committees, tenure panels, and funding agencies worldwide.

Universities and research organisations may consider incorporating training on pre-registration and Registered Reports into graduate programmes and professional development workshops. Such initiatives can help cultivate a culture of transparency from the earliest stages of a research career.

The expansion also signals a broader shift in scholarly publishing toward valuing process and design alongside outcomes. Journals across disciplines are likely to follow suit, normalising these standards and potentially influencing how research impact is measured beyond traditional citation metrics.

Photo by Jude Wilson 🚀 on Unsplash

Future Outlook and Broader Adoption

As more journals adopt Registered Reports, the format is expected to become a standard tool rather than a niche option. Over 300 journals already offer some form of the model, covering fields from psychology and neuroscience to ecology, economics, and beyond. The growth reflects increasing recognition that rewarding sound methods regardless of results strengthens the entire scientific enterprise.

Looking ahead, integration with preprint servers, registered reports at the grant stage, and community platforms such as Peer Community in Registered Reports could further streamline the process. These developments promise to make high-integrity publishing more accessible while maintaining the selectivity that defines top-tier outlets like Nature.

Researchers interested in submitting a Registered Report to Nature should begin with a presubmission enquiry detailing the research question and suitability for the format. Full guidelines, including templates and reviewer criteria, are available on the journal's website.

Practical Steps for Interested Researchers

Academics considering this format can take several concrete actions. First, review the official author guidelines to understand Stage 1 and Stage 2 requirements. Second, identify a research question of broad interest that lends itself to pre-registration. Third, secure necessary approvals, funding, and resources before submission. Finally, plan for data and code sharing from the outset to meet reproducibility standards.

Collaboration with statisticians or methodologists early in the proposal stage can improve the quality of sampling plans and analysis pipelines. Many institutions now offer support services for open science practices that can assist with protocol registration and data management plans.