Breakthrough in Robotic Cerebral Angiography at PUMCH

Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), one of China's premier teaching hospitals affiliated with Peking Union Medical College, has made headlines with a groundbreaking study on robotic-assisted diagnostic cerebral angiography. Published in the Chinese Neurosurgical Journal, the research validates the domestically developed YDHB-NS01 robotic system, achieving a perfect 100% success rate while significantly reducing procedure times compared to traditional manual methods. This advance marks a pivotal moment for neurointerventional procedures in China, promising enhanced precision, reduced operator radiation exposure, and potential for remote telesurgery.

The study, led by Dr. Yuanli Zhao from PUMCH's Department of Neurosurgery, represents the first real-world clinical validation of the YDHB-NS01 system. Conducted between May and August 2025, it compared 25 robot-assisted procedures against 25 manual ones, all performed by a single neurosurgeon. All cases met diagnostic requirements, visualizing target vessels clearly without complications.

This development underscores PUMCH's leadership in integrating robotics into neurosurgery, aligning with China's push for indigenous medical technologies and advanced training paradigms in higher medical education.

Understanding Cerebral Angiography and Its Challenges

Cerebral angiography, or digital subtraction angiography (DSA), is the gold standard for diagnosing cerebrovascular diseases such as intracranial aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and stenosis. The procedure involves inserting a catheter via femoral artery access to inject contrast agent under fluoroscopy, mapping blood vessels in real-time. Step-by-step, it includes vascular puncture, guidewire and catheter advancement, selective catheterization, contrast injection, and image acquisition.

Despite its diagnostic accuracy, manual DSA poses risks: operator radiation exposure from prolonged fluoroscopy (average 7-10 minutes per case), physical fatigue from lead aprons, and procedural variability due to human factors. In China, with over 1.5 million stroke cases annually, demand for efficient, safe diagnostics is surging. Robotic systems address these by enabling remote operation, stabilizing instruments, and providing haptic feedback.

PUMCH, as a national hub for complex neurosurgery, has long championed minimally invasive techniques, training hundreds of residents yearly through its affiliation with Peking Union Medical College (PUMC).

The YDHB-NS01 Robotic System: Design and Capabilities

The YDHB-NS01, a domestically produced vascular interventional robot, features a master-slave architecture for remote control. The slave arm manipulates catheters and guidewires with high precision (millimeter-level), while the master console provides force feedback and 3D visualization integration. Key specs include stable fixation, responsive controls, and compatibility with standard DSA suites—no modifications needed.

Developed amid China's 'Made in China 2025' initiative, it rivals international systems like CorPath GRX (Siemens Healthineers) or Magellan (Medtronic). PUMCH's validation highlights its feasibility for diagnostic use, with potential extension to therapeutic interventions like aneurysm coiling.

In educational contexts, such systems facilitate simulation-based training, allowing PUMC students to practice remotely without radiation risk.

Study Methodology: Rigorous Comparison

This prospective case series enrolled 50 patients (mean age 54.2 years, 60% female) requiring diagnostic DSA for suspected aneurysms or stenosis. Inclusion: adults with clear indications; exclusion: tortuous vessels or contraindications. Randomization wasn't used; consecutive assignment alternated groups.

All procedures used femoral access, standard catheters (5F), and DSA equipment. Robot group: operator at console 3m away. Endpoints: technical success (catheter to target vessel), clinical success (adequate imaging), times, doses, complications. Statistical analysis: Mann-Whitney U for non-normals.

A literature review covered 15 global robotic systems, noting China's rapid catch-up.

Key Results: Superior Efficiency, Equivalent Safety

• Success Rate: 100% both groups (p=1.0).
• Procedure Time: Robot: 27 min (IQR 24-32) vs Manual: 38 min (32-42), p=0.005—21% faster.
• Fluoroscopy Time: 8.5 min vs 7.8 min, p=0.42.
• Radiation Dose: 120 mGy vs 115 mGy, p=0.67.
• Contrast Volume: 85 ml vs 90 ml, p=0.31.
• Room Time: 52 min vs 55 min, p=0.45.

No mechanical failures, spasms, emboli, or neuro events. Learning curve evident: first two robot cases ~35 min, stabilizing thereafter.

These metrics position YDHB-NS01 as non-inferior, with efficiency gains ideal for high-volume centers like PUMCH.

Photo by Pawel Czerwinski on Unsplash

Safety Profile and Operator Experience

Zero device-related adverse events underscore safety. Operators reported intuitive controls post-training (2-hour session). Force feedback prevented over-manipulation, vital for delicate vessels. Radiation reduction benefits long-term operator health—crucial for training residents exposed during 200+ cases/year.Explore neurosurgery career paths.

In China, where interventional neuroradiology (INR) fellowships emphasize volume, robots standardize skills, reducing variability.

PUMCH and PUMC's Robotics Ecosystem

PUMCH, under Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and PUMC, performs 5,000+ neurointerventions annually. Its robotics program includes Shurui Snake (gyn), VasCure (vascular), Ion (pulmonary), and now YDHB-NS01. PUMC integrates robotics into MD-PhD curricula, with simulation labs for INR trainees.

Read the full study. This aligns with national goals for tech self-reliance.

Implications for Neurosurgical Training in China

Robotics transform education: remote proctoring enables expert oversight without travel; haptic sims accelerate proficiency. PUMC's program could train 100+ fellows/year safely. Benefits:

• Reduced radiation for trainees.
• Standardized paths to mastery.
• Telesurgery for rural access.

For aspiring neurosurgeons, check higher ed jobs in China.

Challenges, Limitations, and Future Trials

Small sample, single-center, single-operator limits generalizability. Learning curve noted. Literature review highlights needs: better 3D imaging fusion, microcatheter compatibility.

Dr. Zhao calls for multicenter RCTs. China plans Phase II for therapeutics.

Global Context: China's Rise in Robotic Neurointervention

Globally, CorPath GRX has 95%+ success; China's YDHB-NS01 matches at lower cost. PUMCH joins leaders like Mayo Clinic. With 300+ domestic robots approved, China leads Asia.EurekAlert press release.

Impacts: export potential, training hubs.

Photo by MARIOLA GROBELSKA on Unsplash

Expert Perspectives and Stakeholder Views

Dr. Zhao: “Feasible, safe, efficient—paves telesurgery.” Industry: boosts indigenization. Trainees: safer learning. Patients: precise diagnostics.

For faculty roles, visit university jobs.

Future Outlook: Revolutionizing Chinese Neurosurgery Education

YDHB-NS01 heralds robotic era at PUMCH/PUMC, enhancing training, access. Expect widespread adoption by 2030, with AI integration. For higher ed careers, explore higher ed jobs, rate my professor, career advice.

This positions China as neuro-robotics leader, benefiting global medicine.