Fabricating Photonic Lanterns to Mitigate Scintillation in Satellite-borne Optical Communication Signals

About the Project

Supervisory Team: Dr Kyle Bottrill, Prof Periklis Petropoulos and Dr Debparna Majumder

Just as starlight falling on the surface of the Earth twinkles when affected by atmospheric turbulence, so too do optical communication signals transmitted from an orbiting satellite to a ground-station. In this project, you will design and fabricate photonic lantern-based turbulence mitigation systems to enable the next-generation of lasercom.

Turbulence induced scintillation is a phenomenon we are all familiar with – from the twinkling of stars to the shimmering above a hot road, this effect, whilst no doubt attractive, is the bane of free-space optical communication.

Scintillation is a serious deal-breaker for next-generation lasercom and one that you, in this project, will work towards solving. Scintillation results in intolerable excursions of received power that can cause communications signals to fade in and out over time or to not be detectable at all. The core of this issue is that the single-mode laser light produced by transmitters is rendered highly multimodal after propagation through turbulent air. Such beams are challenging to tightly focus onto the necessarily small area photodetectors required for beyond Gigabit/s datarates.

But what if we could separate the multiple modes of such a beam and recombine them into a pristine, single-mode ray? In this project, that is exactly what you will do. By designing and fabricating photonic lanterns, fused fibre-optic devices capable of demultiplexing a multimodal beam into a number of single-mode tributaries, you will develop turbulence mitigating subsystems suitable for high-speed free-space optical communications.

This project offers the prospect to solve one of the most important problems faced by the emerging lasercom industry, become an expert in the fabrication of photonic lanterns and explore their fascinating physics.

Throughout this project you will gain experience handling and splicing optical fibre, building fibre-optic and free-space optical communication systems using lasers, modulators, photodetectors, high-speed (>70GHz) arbitrary waveform generators and oscilloscopes and, importantly, fabricating photonic lanterns.

Entry requirements

A UK 2:1 honours degree, or its international equivalent

Fees and funding

Full scholarships include tuition fees, a stipend at the UKRI rate plus 10% ORC enhancement tax-free per annum for up to 3.5 years (totalling £22,858 for 2025/26, rising annually) and a budget of £4200 for things like conference travel. UK, EU and Horizon Europe students are eligible for scholarships. CSC students are eligible for fee waivers.

Funding for other international applicants is very limited and highly competitive. Overseas students who have secured or are seeking external funding are welcome to apply

How to apply

Apply now

• programme type: research
• academic year: 2026/27
• if you will be full time or part time
• faculty: Engineering and Physical Sciences
• search for programme PhD ORC (7097)
• please add the name of the supervisor in section 2 of the application.

Applications should include:

• your CV (resumé)
• 2 academic references
• degree transcripts/ certificates to date
• English language qualification (if applicable)