How do the languages that we speak affect numerical processing and mathematics achievement? (Ref: LN/IXD-SF1/2026)

About the Project

A growing body of research suggests that different aspects of language influence the way we think about, represent, and apply numbers and mathematical concepts. One aspect of language that has repeatedly been shown to affect numerical processing concerns the way numbers are named. Indeed, number-naming systems vary significantly across languages. For example, in English, two-digit numbers above twenty are named in the same order as they are written: first the tens and then the units (“forty-eight”). In Dutch or German, however, it is the opposite (“48” in Dutch or German is named “eight and forty”). Increasingly more studies show that such irregularities in number words can be a stumbling block for children’s mathematical development and can even affect numerical processing in adulthood. Given that bi- and multilingualism is becoming increasingly common in our globalised world, considering how language influences the processing of numerical information in bilingual speakers and second-language learners becomes increasingly relevant.

This project aims at increasing our understanding into how the languages that we speak affect numerical and mathematical development which will in turn inform interventional approaches for multi-lingual language contexts and enhance educational practice.

The successful applicant will join the vibrant community of the Centre for Mathematical Cognition (https://www.lboro.ac.uk/research/cmc/), one of the world's leading research centres for the study of mathematics education and numerical thinking. The Centre for Mathematical Cognition brings together academics who conduct research in three different areas: basic research on mathematical cognition, the design of research-based educational resources, and the evaluation of educational interventions.

This project might be a suitable topic to form the basis of an application to the ESRC Midlands Graduate School's Open Studentship scheme (deadlines are typically in January) via the education pathway. Details are available here: https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/cross_fac/mgsdtp/

For informal enquiries about the project, please contact Dr Iro Xenidou-Dervou at i.xenidoudervou@lboro.ac.uk.

Name of primary supervisor/CDT lead:
Iro Xenidou-Dervou i.xenidoudervou@lboro.ac.uk
https://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/maths-education/staff/iro-xenidou-dervou/

Name of secondary supervisor:
Julia Bahnmueller
https://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/maths-education/staff/julia-bahnmuller/

Entry requirements:
All candidates must have (or expect to gain) a good honours degree (usually at least 2:1) in psychology, education, or a related discipline. A relevant Master’s degree and/or experience in cognitive, educational or developmental psychology would be an advantage. Also, experience with quantitative statistical analyses and experimental design software would be a plus. Due to the nature of the project, the successful candidate will be required to undergo a formal Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check.

English language requirements:
Applicants must meet the minimum English language requirements. Further details are available on the International website (http://www.lboro.ac.uk/international/applicants/english/).

Bench fees required: No

Closing date of advert: 7th January 2027

Start date: October 2026, February 2027, July 2027

Full-time/part-time availability: Full-time 3 years, Part-time 6 years

Fee band: 2025/26 Band RA (UK £5,006, International £22,360)

How to apply:
All applications should be made online. Under programme name, select Department of Mathematics Education. Please quote the advertised reference number: LN/IXD-SF1/2026 in your application.

To avoid delays in processing your application, please ensure that you submit a CV and the minimum supporting documents.

The following selection criteria will be used by academic schools to help them make a decision on your application. Please note that this criteria is used for both funded and self-funded projects.

Please note, applications for this project are considered on an ongoing basis once submitted and the project may be withdrawn prior to the application deadline, if a suitable candidate is chosen for the project.

Project search terms:
developmental psychology, educational psychology, cognitive psychology mathematical cognition numerical cognition psychology cognition education

Email Address Sci:
sci-pgr@lboro.ac.uk