About the Project
Overview
Entanglement distribution is a foundational capability for quantum networks, enabling diverse quantum technologies including—but not limited to—quantum key distribution (QKD). QKD provides information-theoretic security even against quantum-capable adversaries, making it one of the most mature and commercially relevant applications of quantum communication.
However, current QKD links are limited to short distances. Overcoming this limitation requires quantum repeaters, which enable long-distance entanglement distribution and are therefore essential for building large-scale, secure quantum networks. Developing efficient, scalable, and physically realizable repeater-assisted architectures for entanglement distribution protocols remains a significant theoretical and practical challenge.
This PhD project will investigate optical quantum repeaters for long-distance secure QKD. You will develop theoretical frameworks to analyse repeater architectures, evaluating both amplifier-enhanced and memory-assisted protocols. Crucially, you will develop experiment-ready models that rigorously account for realistic device imperfections—bridging the gap between theory and practical implementation.
Aims and objectives
- Develop a generalised theoretical framework for quantum repeater architectures.
- Investigate and compare specific QKD protocols; Model realistic device imperfections by incorporating loss, noise, and other experimental constraints into the theoretical analysis.
- Provide design guidelines for future experimental implementations of quantum repeater networks, specifying hardware requirements and performance benchmarks.
- Contribute to the development of large-scale quantum communication infrastructure by identifying viable pathways for practical deployment of secure quantum networks.
Candidate requirements
The qualifications, skills, knowledge and experience applicants should have for this project, in addition to our standard entry requirements.
Essential
- First or upper second class (2:1) honours degree from a UK university or an equivalent qualification (or be close to completing) in Physics, Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, or a related discipline.
- Strong analytical and problem-solving skills, and the ability to work independently and collaboratively.
- Strong analytical skills and motivation for independent research.
Desirable
- Knowledge of optics and communications.
- Knowledge of quantum optics and quantum communications.
- Familiarity with programming (such as MATLAB, Python, etc.).
Funding and eligibility
Home students can apply only. Only home tuition fees will be covered for the duration of the three-year award, which is £5,238 for the year 2026/27.
The student will receive a standard stipend payment for the duration of the award. These payments are set at a level determined by UKRI, currently £21,805 for the year 2026/27.
How to apply
If you have any questions, please contact the principal supervisor, Dr Masoud Ghalaii (m.ghalaii@mmu.ac.uk).
To apply you will need to complete the online application form for a full time PhD in Computing & Digital Technology.
Please complete the Doctoral Project Applicant Form, and include your CV and a covering letter to demonstrate how your skills and experience map to the aims and objectives of the project, the area of research and why you see this area as being of importance and interest.
Please upload these documents in the supporting documents section of the University’s Admissions Portal or email the requested documents to pgradmissions@mmu.ac.uk.
Application closing date: Thursday 15 October 2026.
Expected start date: January 2027
Please quote the reference: SciEng-Jan 2027-MG-Quantum Key Distribution
Funding Notes
Home students can apply only. Only home tuition fees will be covered for the duration of the three-year award, which is £5,238 for the year 2026/27.
The student will receive a standard stipend payment for the duration of the award. These payments are set at a level determined by UKRI, currently £21,805 for the year 2026/27.