Modelling gust-wing interactions in curvilinear flows

About the Project

Supervisory Team: Dr. Swathi Krishna and Prof. David Toal

This PhD project will explore gust–wing interactions in vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). Integrating computational fluid dynamics, data-driven modelling, and experiments on a custom-built VAWT rig, you will examine how gusts influence blade aerodynamics in curvilinear flows and develop predictive tools to mitigate their adverse effects.

Are you interested in decoding complex fluid-structure interactions occurring in gusty environments? This project offers a unique opportunity to develop expertise in CFD, data-driven modelling, and experimental aerodynamics while addressing a critical challenge in renewable energy: gust-blade interactions in curvilinear flows.

Focusing on vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs)—where blades follow curved trajectories with coupled rotational and pitching kinematics—you will investigate how discrete gusts interact with key flow phenomena such as dynamic stall, throughflow, and wake interactions. These unsteady effects degrade performance and accelerate fatigue in VAWTs, yet predictive tools to inform control strategies remain underdeveloped. Using CFD simulations, you will capture nonlinear load fluctuations and vortex dynamics, forming the basis of a physics-informed, data-driven framework to predict gust interactions.

To validate and refine this model, you will conduct experiments on an existing custom-built modular VAWT rig and gust generator at the University of Southampton. Unlike existing linearised models constrained by potential flow assumptions, this approach will enhance accuracy by incorporating the physics of separated flows under highly unsteady kinematics.

Through this project,

• you will enhance your skills in different methodologies and will get the opportunity to present at international conferences
• you will have access to world-class flow facilities, unique test rigs, and a network of tight-knit group of PhDs and postdocs in the department
• you will enhance your skills and knowledge in motion control, unsteady vortex dominated flows, building rigorous experimental set-ups, coding (image/ signal processing), scientific planning, writing, and presentation (international exposure) amongst others
• you will have access to training in general manufacturing skills in our extensive workshops.
• you will have the opportunity to work with the tight-knit PhDs and postdocs of the Experimental Fluids Group at Southampton who will be a part of your network.

The university also offers language courses.

Entry Requirements:

You must have a UK 2:1 honours degree or its international equivalent, with a strong foundation in:

• aerodynamics
• computational fluid dynamics
• experimental methods

You must be proficient in Python or MATLAB.

Experience with imaging techniques or data-driven flow diagnostics is desirable.

Fees & Funding:

We offer a range of funding opportunities for both UK and international students. Horizon Europe fee waivers automatically cover the difference between overseas and UK fees for qualifying students.

Competition-based Presidential Bursaries from the University cover the difference between overseas and UK fees for top-ranked applicants.

To learn about funding opportunities visit our Doctoral College scholarships and bursaries information.

Funding will be awarded on a rolling basis, so apply early for the best opportunity to be considered.

How to apply:

Apply now

You need to:

• choose programme type (Research), 2026/27, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences
• select Full time or Part time
• search for programme PhD Engineering & the Environment (7175)
• add name of the supervisor in section 2 of the application

Applications should include:

• your CV (resumé)
• 2 academic references
• degree transcripts and certificates to date
• English language qualification (if applicable)