Prediction of forever chemical concentrations in real-world drinking water treatment systems - PhD

About the Project

This exciting fully funded PhD, with an enhanced stipend of £26,546 pa, is sponsored by Anglian Water, Thames Water, Yorkshire Water, Northumbrian Water and EPSRC. The research will address the challenge of PFAS (forever chemicals) in drinking water. The aim of this project is to develop a predictive model using experimental data gathered through testing, that will support utilities’ evidence-based decision-making to improve the resilience and cost-effectiveness of forever chemicals removal from water. The successful candidate will work closely with the project sponsors to deliver the outputs and will have access to a bespoke training programme.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), also known as “Forever Chemicals”, are micropollutants of increasing concern in the UK and worldwide. Recent regulatory guidelines require water utilities in England and Wales to ensure PFAS are effectively removed from drinking water. Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) is one of the key processes featuring PFAS strategy plans. It is a widely implemented process with well-known infrastructure and operation. However, while GAC regeneration frequencies for micropollutants such as pesticides can range from 4 to 10 years, meeting PFAS guidelines can reduce its operation to just a few months, depending on the PFAS signature of the water. This puts increasing pressure on the process cost and sustainability. As a result, water utilities rely on intensive sampling, testing and expensive analysis, often with long turnaround times, to characterise PFAS behaviour in GAC beds.

This project will deliver a model that integrates water quality to predict PFAS behaviour in GAC filters. The model will give water companies a practical tool to forecast GAC bed life under different water qualities, reduce monitoring burden, and enable proactive, cost-effective compliance with future PFAS standards.

The aim of this research is to develop a mechanistic-driven multicomponent model to predict PFAS breakthrough in GAC. The specific objectives are:

• Produce experimental data to characterise forever chemical removal in GAC systems
• Build a model using the experimental data produced and that represents PFAS removal in GAC systems
• Validate the model with data from live treatment plants

The key impact of this project is:

• Cost savings derived from operating GAC systems optimally for forever chemicals
• Accurate regeneration frequency strategies
• Reduce the need for additional experimental testing
• Minimise the cost associated to PFAS analysis

The project will provide an evidence-based approach that will directly contribute to short- and medium term- strategic planning for forever chemicals. Project results will be used to future-proofing assets for current and future PFAS regulations. The data produced will contribute to a more efficient use of GAC, therefore reducing carbon footprint and OPEX, and increasing sustainability.

This project is an exciting collaboration between the Cranfield Water Science Institute, Anglian Water, Thames Water, Yorkshire Water and Northumbrian Water and EPSRC. This project is part of the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Water Infrastructure and Resilience (WIRe). The WIRe programme includes a bespoke training programme in technical and personal skills development, and provides opportunities for overseas travel and access to world leading experimental facilities. The successful candidate will also have the opportunity to undertake an international placement. It is an inclusive and diverse doctoral centre and welcomes applications from all highly motivated individuals, regardless of background, identity or disability.

At the end of the project the successful applicant will be very well positioned to have a highly successful career in the water sector or in an academic role. We will support your development into a dynamic, confident and highly competent researcher with wider transferable skills (communication, project management and leadership) with an international network of colleagues.

Entry requirements

Applicants should have a first- or second-class UK honours degree or international equivalent in a related discipline. This project would suit applicants with degrees in a relevant subject such as chemical engineering, chemistry, environmental engineering, environmental science or other relevant engineering/science degree. The ideal candidate should have some understanding of water science. The candidate should be self-motivated, driven, have good communication skills for regular interaction with other stakeholders, with an interest in applied scientific research. Modelling skills are desirable.

How to apply

For further information please contact:

Name: Dr Irene Carra

Email: rene.carra@cranfield.ac.uk

If you are eligible to apply for this studentship, please complete the online application form.

Please note that applications will be reviewed as they are received. Therefore, we encourage early submission, as the position may be filled before the stated deadline.

Funding Notes

Sponsored by the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Water Infrastructure and Resilience (WIRe) and the UK Water Industry Research (UKWIR), this PhD studentship will provide a bursary of £26,546 (tax free) and covers registration fees for four years.

Open to both Home and Overseas fee status students, however we are only permitted to offer a limited number of studentships to students with Overseas fee status. Home fee status is determined with reference to UK Department for Education rules. All other students pay Overseas fees. Further advice can be found on the UK Council for International Student Affairs (UKCISA) website.