Dr. Kiyoshi Shiga (graduated 1896) - Discovered the Shigella bacterium, which causes dysentery.
Dr. Satoshi Ōmura (graduated 1963) - Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine in 2015 for the discovery of Avermectin, a drug used against parasitic diseases.
Dr. Toshihide Maskawa (graduated 1967) - Nobel Laureate in Physics in 2008 for his work on the theory of quark mixing.
Dr. Tasuku Honjo (graduated 1975) - Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine in 2018 for his discovery of PD-1, an immune checkpoint inhibitor.