Nikolai Vavilov (1911) - Renowned Russian botanist and geneticist, known for his work on plant genetics and the Vavilovian centers of origin of cultivated plants.
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (1941) - Nobel Prize-winning novelist, historian, and critic of Soviet totalitarianism.
Sergei Korolev (1927) - Lead Soviet rocket engineer and spacecraft designer during the Space Race, often called the father of practical astronautics.
Vladimir Shukhov (1876) - Pioneering Russian engineer and inventor, known for his work on hyperboloid structures and the Shukhov cracking process.