The Recent Firings Shake Up the Ministry

Italy's Ministry of Culture, known formally as the Ministero della Cultura (MiC), has been thrust into the spotlight following the abrupt dismissal of two high-ranking officials by Culture Minister Alessandro Giuli. Emanuele Merlino, who served as head of the ministry's technical secretariat, and Elena Proietti, head of the minister's personal secretariat, were removed from their positions over the weekend. These moves, confirmed by senior government sources, mark the latest chapter in a series of internal upheavals that have plagued the ministry since Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni's right-wing government took power in late 2022.

Merlino's ousting stems directly from a controversy surrounding the denial of public funding for a documentary film about Giulio Regeni, the Cambridge University PhD student whose brutal torture and murder in Cairo in 2016 shocked Italy and strained diplomatic ties with Egypt. Proietti's dismissal, meanwhile, arose from a more personal lapse: she reportedly failed to meet Minister Giuli at the airport for an official trip to New York last month, leaving him without key support during the journey.

Giulio Regeni Documentary at the Heart of the Storm

The film in question, titled Giulio Regeni – Tutto il male del mondo, directed by Simone Manetti, reconstructs the harrowing events of Regeni's final days. Regeni, a 28-year-old researcher studying independent trade unions in Egypt, was abducted on January 25, 2016, tortured over several days, and his body dumped on a Cairo roadside. Italian investigations have pointed to Egyptian security forces as responsible, leading to ongoing trials in absentia against four Egyptian officials.

The documentary, timed for the 10th anniversary of Regeni's death, relies on testimonies from his family and legal team to highlight the quest for justice. Producers applied for 'national interest' funding from the MiC's cinema committee, a pool of public money supporting projects deemed culturally significant. The application was rejected without clear explanation, a decision that blindsided Giuli. Speaking at the David di Donatello awards ceremony last week, where he presented nominees to President Sergio Mattarella, Giuli labeled the refusal 'unacceptable' and vowed to provide alternative backing, calling it a 'unique case' that demanded correction.

Merlino, overseeing the technical aspects of such decisions, knew of the rejection but failed to brief the minister, prompting accusations of opacity and incompetence. This incident has reignited public memory of Regeni's case, with his parents expressing surprise at the funding denial but standing firm on the film's importance.

Profiles of the Departing Officials

Emanuele Merlino's role in the technical secretariat involved coordinating policy implementation, funding evaluations, and administrative oversight across the ministry's vast portfolio, which includes cinemas, performing arts, museums, and heritage sites. A long-time civil servant, he was viewed as a Meloni ally, having navigated the transition to the new government smoothly.

Elena Proietti, meanwhile, managed the minister's daily operations, from scheduling to crisis coordination. Her Fratelli d'Italia (Brothers of Italy, FdI) ties, particularly in her native Umbria, positioned her as a political insider. The airport no-show was the final straw in what sources describe as mounting tensions between Giuli and his inner circle.

Meloni's Broader Push to Reshape Italy's Cultural Landscape

Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni has made no secret of her ambition to wrest control of Italy's cultural institutions from what she perceives as a left-leaning establishment. Since her Brothers of Italy party's victory in 2022, the government has appointed FdI loyalists to key posts in opera houses, museums, and festivals. This 'cultural revolution' aims to promote traditional values, national pride, and a rejection of progressive ideologies in the arts.

Funding reallocations have prioritized projects aligning with patriotic themes, while critics argue it stifles diverse voices. The MiC's budget for 2026 stands at approximately €5.2 billion, up 8% from prior years, but distribution has sparked debates. For instance, cinema funding, which totals €200 million annually, has seen shifts toward commercial productions over documentaries.

Yet the reshaping has been bumpy. Last month, conductor Beatrice Venezi, a Meloni supporter, was dismissed as musical director of Venice's La Fenice opera house after decrying nepotism in the orchestra—a move that fueled accusations of government meddling.

Echoes of Past Scandals: Sangiuliano's Fall

The current crisis echoes the 2024 resignation of Giuli's predecessor, Gennaro Sangiuliano. Sangiuliano stepped down amid a media frenzy over appointing his former lover, influencer Sara Ginsburg, as a high-paid advisor. The scandal embarrassed Meloni, who swiftly named Giuli, then director of Rome's MAXXI contemporary art museum, as replacement. That episode triggered its own wave of sackings, setting a pattern of instability.

Earlier this year, Tourism Minister Daniela Santanchè resigned following Meloni's defeat in a March referendum on justice reforms, part of a post-referendum purge to restore credibility.

Reactions from Politics and the Culture Sector

Opposition voices have seized on the firings as evidence of governmental disarray. Sandro Ruotolo, culture spokesperson for the centre-left Democratic Party (PD), declared it 'the sign of a coalition riven by internal wars, score-settling, clashes between factions, and competing leaderships.' Italia Viva leader Matteo Renzi went further on social media, accusing Giuli of 'arrogant incompetence' and urging him to dismiss himself.

Government allies downplayed the drama. Francesco Lollobrigida, FdI's parliamentary leader and Agriculture Minister, called it 'normal turnover,' emphasizing the fiduciary nature of such roles and expressing confidence in the officials' future placements.

Cultural unions and artists' groups expressed concern over politicization. The Italian Film Producers Association (ANICA) welcomed Giuli's pledge on Regeni funding but warned against bureaucratic hurdles stifling independent cinema. Museum directors, speaking anonymously, fear further purges could deter international collaborations.

Venice Biennale: Another Flashpoint

The Venice Biennale, Italy's premier art event, has become a battleground. Giuli boycotted its opening amid fury over a government appointee's decision to allow Russia's pavilion despite the Ukraine war. Inspectors were dispatched to probe the matter, and the minister demanded the board member's resignation. The 2026 edition risks boycotts, underscoring tensions between artistic freedom and geopolitics.

Impacts on Italy's Cultural Ecosystem

Italy's culture sector employs over 1.5 million people and contributes 6% to GDP, with tourism alone drawing 60 million visitors pre-pandemic. Instability at the MiC threatens funding cycles, project approvals, and international prestige. Museums like the Uffizi and Colosseum, under MiC oversight, report smoother operations under new management, but performing arts lag.

Stakeholders advocate for transparent criteria. A recent MiC report highlighted €1.2 billion invested in restorations since 2023, including Caravaggio masterpieces repatriated from abroad.

Photo by Martina Picciau on Unsplash

• Key benefits of stable leadership: Faster funding disbursements, innovative programs.
• Risks of turmoil: Delayed projects, talent exodus, reputational damage.

Looking Ahead: Stability or More Shake-Ups?

As Meloni's term progresses toward 2027 elections, the Culture Ministry remains a litmus test for her cultural agenda. Giuli has promised 'moral conscience' and efficiency, but opposition scrutiny intensifies. With the European cultural landscape shifting amid economic pressures, Italy must balance ideological goals with sector needs.

Experts predict alternative funding for the Regeni film via private channels or regional grants. Long-term, a bipartisan cultural pact could foster unity, though unlikely under current polarizations. For now, the ministry navigates choppy waters, emblematic of Meloni's determined yet contentious governance.

For deeper insights into Italy's cultural policies, explore the ministry's official updates here. On the Regeni case, detailed timelines are available from Italian media investigations.