The Current Landscape of Women in STEM in the USA

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields continue to drive innovation across the United States, yet women remain underrepresented despite notable progress. According to recent data, women hold about 34% of all STEM jobs in the U.S., up from 24% in 2010, representing over 12 million workers out of 36 million total STEM positions. This growth is particularly strong in health-related roles, where women comprise a majority, but gaps persist in computer science (where women make up only 25%) and engineering (around 15%). At the professorial level in universities, women account for roughly 30% of full-time faculty in STEM disciplines, highlighting both achievements and ongoing challenges like leadership underrepresentation and retention issues.

These statistics underscore the importance of recognizing trailblazing women whose research impacts millions. This article spotlights the top 10 most influential female scientists in the USA, ranked by H-index—a metric measuring productivity and citation impact—from Research.com's 2025/2026 rankings. Their work spans medicine, neuroscience, engineering, and more, inspiring the next generation while advancing higher education and careers in STEM.

1. JoAnn E. Manson: Pioneering Women's Health Epidemiology

JoAnn E. Manson, a professor at Harvard Medical School, tops the list with an extraordinary H-index of 320 and over 401,000 citations from 2,329 publications. Her groundbreaking research focuses on women's health, particularly the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), a landmark study involving 160,000+ participants that reshaped understanding of hormone therapy, heart disease prevention, and vitamin D supplementation. Manson's work has influenced clinical guidelines worldwide, demonstrating how large-scale cohort studies can guide public health policy. Recently, her team published findings linking calcium and vitamin D to reduced cancer mortality, reinforcing her legacy in preventive medicine.

A leader in epidemiology, Manson exemplifies how university-based research translates to real-world impact, mentoring countless students through Harvard's rigorous programs.

2. Tamara B. Harris: Advancing Aging and Brain Health Research

Tamara B. Harris at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) ranks second with an H-index of 241 and 236,520 citations. Specializing in gerontology, her contributions to the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Women's Health Initiative have illuminated links between lifestyle, genetics, and age-related diseases like dementia and cardiovascular conditions. Harris's neuroimaging studies reveal how midlife factors predict late-life brain atrophy, informing interventions for healthy aging.

Collaborating with university researchers, her work bridges NIH labs and academic institutions, fostering interdisciplinary training for aspiring STEM professionals.

3. Virginia M.-Y. Lee: Revolutionizing Neuroscience at Penn

Virginia M.-Y. Lee of the University of Pennsylvania boasts an H-index of 239 and 217,868 citations. A pioneer in neurodegenerative diseases, she co-discovered TDP-43 protein aggregates in ALS and frontotemporal dementia, transforming diagnostics and therapies. Lee's lab at Penn's Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research develops biomarkers and animal models, with recent publications on tau pathology advancing Alzheimer's treatments.

As a professor, Lee mentors diverse PhD students, promoting women in biomedical research through Penn's esteemed programs.

4. Stacey Gabriel: Genomics Trailblazer at Broad Institute

Stacey Gabriel at the Broad Institute holds an H-index of 228 with 462,589 citations. As director of the Genomics Platform, she spearheaded the 1000 Genomes Project and Cancer Genome Atlas, enabling precision medicine. Her scalable sequencing technologies have democratized genomics, supporting university collaborations like those with MIT and Harvard.

5. Zhenan Bao: Flexible Electronics Innovator at Stanford

Zhenan Bao, a chemical engineering professor at Stanford University, has an H-index of 218 and 174,664 citations. Renowned for stretchable electronics and bioelectronic interfaces, her skin-like sensors mimic human touch for prosthetics and health monitoring. Recent breakthroughs include organic transistors for wearable tech, earning her the National Academy of Engineering membership. For more on engineering careers, explore higher ed faculty jobs.

Photo by Noble Mitchell on Unsplash

6. Terrie E. Moffitt: Lifespan Development Expert at Duke

Terrie E. Moffitt at Duke University ranks with an H-index of 217. Her Dunedin Study tracks 1,000+ individuals over 50 years, revealing gene-environment interactions in antisocial behavior and cognitive aging. Recent findings link childhood maltreatment to accelerated biological aging, influencing policy on mental health.

7. Julie E. Buring: Cardiovascular Epidemiology Leader

Julie E. Buring at Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard has an H-index of 217. Co-principal investigator of the Physicians' Health Study and Women's Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study, her aspirin trials reduced heart attack risks, saving countless lives. Ongoing work examines inflammation biomarkers.

8. Emelia J. Benjamin: Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Pioneer

Emelia J. Benjamin at Boston University (H-index 211) leads Framingham Heart Study genetics, identifying AFib risk genes. Her research on social determinants of heart health promotes equity, with recent papers on digital health tools.

9. Julia Velkovska: Particle Physics at Vanderbilt

Julia Velkovska at Vanderbilt University (H-index 203) contributes to ATLAS experiment at CERN, advancing Higgs boson studies. Her leadership in high-energy physics education inspires women in theoretical fields.

10. Lenore J. Launer: NIH Neuroepidemiology Expert

Lenore J. Launer at NIH (H-index 202) studies vascular risk factors in dementia via the Rotterdam Study. Her MRI-based brain aging research guides preventive strategies.

Challenges and Future Outlook for Women in STEM

Despite these luminaries, women face barriers like the 'leaky pipeline'—attrition at senior levels—and bias in funding (women receive 20% less NIH grants). Initiatives like NSF ADVANCE and university mentorship programs are closing gaps, with projections showing parity in some fields by 2040. Emerging trends include AI ethics and climate tech, where women lead.

Photo by Markus Winkler on Unsplash

• Increased PhD completions: Women earn 52% of biology doctorates.
• Leadership growth: 28% of STEM department chairs are women.
• Diversity push: Intersectional efforts boost underrepresented minorities.

Career Opportunities and Actionable Advice

Aspiring women can leverage platforms like Rate My Professor for insights and pursue roles via higher ed jobs. Network at conferences, seek mentors, and focus on interdisciplinary skills. For career guidance, visit higher ed career advice. Check university jobs for professor positions mirroring these leaders.

These top women demonstrate STEM's transformative power—join their ranks to shape tomorrow.