The Breakthrough Performance of ChatGPT on Japan's Toughest Entrance Exams

In a stunning development that has sent ripples through Japan's academic community, the latest version of ChatGPT has surpassed the scores of top human students on the 2026 entrance exams for the University of Tokyo and Kyoto University. Conducted by Tokyo-based AI venture LifePrompt Inc., this experiment highlights the rapid evolution of generative artificial intelligence and its profound implications for higher education assessment in Japan.

Japan's university entrance exams, particularly those for elite institutions like Todai (University of Tokyo) and Kyodai (Kyoto University), are renowned worldwide for their rigor. These tests evaluate not just knowledge but analytical skills, often determining life trajectories for high school graduates. The fact that an AI system achieved higher marks than any admitted student marks a pivotal moment, prompting urgent discussions on the future of standardized testing.

How LifePrompt Conducted the Groundbreaking Test

LifePrompt Inc., a startup specializing in AI applications, fed the 2026 exam questions to OpenAI's advanced ChatGPT model—referred to as the 5.2 Thinking version in reports—by converting them into image data to simulate real test conditions. For multiple-choice and calculation-based questions, the AI processed directly. Essay-style responses were generated and then graded by experienced instructors from Kawai Juku, one of Japan's leading cram schools (yobikō), ensuring human-like evaluation.

This methodology mirrors past AI challenges, such as the Todai Robot Project launched in 2011 by Japan's National Institute of Informatics, which aimed to pass Todai's exam but struggled with comprehension and essays. LifePrompt's approach was transparent, using publicly released past exams and current top scores for comparison, providing a fair benchmark.

Impressive Scores at the University of Tokyo

The University of Tokyo's entrance exams are divided into tracks like Humanities and Social Sciences I-III and Natural Sciences I-III, with the latter's Science III (medical track) being notoriously difficult. ChatGPT scored 452 out of 550 in Humanities and Social Sciences, eclipsing the top human score of 434. In Natural Sciences, it achieved 503 out of 550, 50 points above the leading human candidate's 453.

The AI posted perfect scores in mathematics sections—120/120 for science math and 80/80 for humanities math—demonstrating superior computational prowess. English performance reached 90%, but essay questions in World History scored only 25%, revealing gaps in nuanced interpretation.

ChatGPT Dominates Kyoto University Exams Too

At Kyoto University, ChatGPT excelled in the Faculty of Law exam with 771 points, surpassing the highest passing score of 734, and in the Faculty of Medicine with 1,176 points, beating the top scorer's 1,098. These results position the AI as a virtual admittee to both faculties.

Details on max scores vary by exam structure, but the outperformance is clear, especially in knowledge-heavy sections. For more on the methodology, see the Mainichi report.

Where ChatGPT Shone and Stumbled

ChatGPT's strengths lie in factual recall, pattern recognition, and calculations—core to many exam questions. Perfect math scores underscore this, as does 90% in English. However, subjective essays exposed limitations; the AI's World History responses lacked depth in narrative alignment, scoring low despite factual accuracy.

• Strengths: Mathematics (100%), English comprehension, science facts.
• Weaknesses: Creative essays, cultural nuance, original analysis.

This aligns with expert views that AI memorizes data superbly but struggles with novel value creation.

From Failure to Triumph: AI's Rapid Progress

Contextualizing 2026: In 2024, GPT-4 failed UTokyo's passing threshold. By 2025, newer models like o1 passed marginally. 2026's dominance shows exponential improvement. Earlier, the Todai Robot (2011-2021) reached top 20% in parts but never fully passed, highlighting specialized vs. general AI advances.

LifePrompt's Satoshi Endo noted the "astounding speed of AI evolution," from non-passing to top scores in two years.

Expert Reactions from Japan's Academic Leaders

Satoshi Kurihara, Keio University professor and head of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, emphasized: "AI excels at existing data absorption, like calculators in math. Humans must focus on new value." He advocates rethinking exams beyond retention.

LifePrompt's Endo urges businesses to prepare for AI-driven operations. Universities like UTokyo have policies allowing AI in classes (since 2023), not prohibiting tools like ChatGPT, signaling adaptation. Details in Yomiuri Shimbun coverage.

Urgent Need to Reform Japanese Entrance Exams

Japan's system—Common Test for University Admissions followed by individual exams—heavily weighs knowledge recall, now AI's forte. MEXT (Ministry of Education) faces pressure for reforms, similar to past English test changes. Proposals include more essays, interviews, projects assessing creativity.

Chiba Institute of Technology's exam reforms boosted applications, showing innovation pays. With 73% of high schoolers using AI (2026 survey), proctoring and policies evolve.

AI Policies Emerging in Japanese Universities

UTokyo permits generative AI in education, emphasizing ethical use. Kyoto U has guidelines for correct application. Nationally, 63% of universities let instructors decide AI scope. Trends: AI proctoring (e.g., Taisho U), detection tools, skill-building courses.

Half of students used ChatGPT by 2024; now integral. Universities integrate AI literacy into curricula. See Japan Today analysis.

Global Context: AI's Exam Conquests Worldwide

Japan joins global trend: ChatGPT passed US bar exam (top 10%), med licensing tests. China's Gaokao sees AI at 80-90%; India's JEE high scores. Yet, specialized exams (e.g., ARC) stump AI at <5%.

Implications universal: Shift to human-unique skills like ethics, innovation.

Future Outlook for Admissions and Japanese Higher Ed

Expect hybrid exams: AI-proof elements like oral defenses, portfolios. Universities boost AI education; MEXT may mandate reforms by 2030. For students: Hone critical thinking, AI collaboration skills.

Career-wise, AI-savvy grads thrive. Explore opportunities at Japanese universities via AcademicJobs.com university jobs.

Photo by Rolf van Root on Unsplash

Actionable Insights for Students and Educators

• Practice AI-assisted learning ethically.
• Focus on essays, debates for differentiation.
• Educators: Design AI-resistant assessments.
• Prospective students: Build portfolios showcasing originality.

This milestone accelerates Japan's higher ed transformation toward AI-augmented, creativity-focused evaluation.